Читать книгу Western Civilization - Paul R. Waibel - Страница 19

c. 2500–c. 1100 BC Minoan‐Mycenaean Periodc. 1700–c. 1450 BC Height of Minoan Civilizationc. 1600–c. 1450 BC Mycenaean Periodc. 1500 BC Eruption of Thera (Santorini)c. 1100–c. 800 BC Greek Dark Agesc. 1184 BC Fall of Troyc. 800–700 BC Iliad and Odyssey written downc. 800–c. 480 BC Archaic Period776 BC First Olympic Gamesc. 510–c. 323 BC Classical Period499–449 BC Persian Wars454–404 BC Athenian Empire431–404 BC Peloponnesian War428/427–348/347 BC Plato384–322 BC Aristotle323 BC Death of Alexander the Greatc. 323–c. 31 BC Hellenistic Period

Ancient Greek civilization can be conveniently divided into five historical periods. The first is the Aegean, or Minoan‐Mycenaean, civilization (c. 2500–1100 BC), when Greek civilization was centered on the island of Crete and around the city of Mycenae on the Greek peninsula. The period after the collapse of the Minoan‐Mycenaean civilization is called the Greek Dark Ages (c. 1100–800 BC), a period during which writing, and with it many aspects of what might be called “civilization,” disappeared. The Dark Ages was followed by the Archaic period (c. 800–500 BC), a period during which the polis, or city‐state, appeared and became the basic political, social, economic, and cultural unit of Greek civilization. The Classical period (c. 500–338 BC) includes the golden age of Greek civilization and culture and the rapid decline and end of the independent city‐state. The fifth and final period is known as the Hellenistic. It is the period from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to 30 BC, when Ptolemaic Egypt, the last of the Hellenistic kingdoms, was incorporated into the Roman Empire. It was during the Hellenistic period, that Greek culture spread throughout the ancient Mediterranean world.