Читать книгу Collins Complete Guide to British Trees: A Photographic Guide to every common species - Paul Sterry - Страница 8

Achene – one-seeded dry fruit that does not split.

Acute – sharply pointed.

Alien – introduced by man from another part of the world.

Alternate – not opposite.

Anther – pollen-bearing tip of the stamen.

Auricle – one of a pair of lobes at the base of a leaf.

Axil – angle between the upper surface of a leaf, or its stalk, and the stem on which it is carried.

Berry – fleshy, soft-coated fruit containing several seeds.

Bract – modified, often scale-like leaf found at the base of flower stalks in some species.

Calcareous – containing calcium, the source typically being chalk or limestone.

Calyx – outer part of a flower, comprising the sepals.

Capsule – dry fruit that splits to liberate its seeds.

Catkin – hanging spike of tiny flowers.

Clasping – descriptive of leaf bases that have backward-pointing lobes which wrap around the stem.

Compound – (of leaves) divided into a number of leaflets.

Cordate – heart-shaped at the base.

Corolla – the collective term for the petals.

Cultivar – plant variety created by cultivation.

Deciduous – plant whose leaves fall in autumn.

Dentate – toothed.

Dioecious – having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Drupe – succulent or spongy fruit, usually with a hard-coated single seed.

Entire – (of leaves) with an untoothed margin.

Fruits – the seeds of a plant and their associated structures.

Glabrous – lacking hairs.

Globose – spherical or globular.

Hybrid – plant derived from the cross-fertilisation of two different species.

Inflorescence – the flowering structure in its entirety, including bracts.

Introduced – not native to the region.

Involucre – ring of bracts surrounding a flower or flowers.

Lanceolate – narrow and lance-shaped.

Leaflet – leaf-like segment or lobe of a leaf.

Lenticel – breathing pore on a fruit, shoot or trunk.

Linear – slender and parallel-sided.

Lobe – a division of a leaf.

Midrib – the central vein of a leaf.

Native – occurring naturally in the region and not known to have been introduced.

Oblong – (of leaves) with sides at least partly parallel.

Obtuse – (of leaves) blunt-tipped.

Opposite – (usually of leaves) arising in opposite pairs on the stem.

Oval – leaf shape.

Ovary – structure containing the ovules, or immature seeds.

Ovoid – egg-shaped.

Palmate – (of leaves) with finger-like lobes arising from the same point.

Pedicel – stalk of an individual flower.

Perianth – collective name for a flower’s petals and sepals.

Petals – inner segments of a flower, often colourful.

Petiole – leaf stalk.

Pinnate – (of leaves) with opposite pairs of leaflets and a terminal one.

Pod – elongated fruit, often almost cylindrical, seen in pea family members.

Pollen – tiny grains that contain male sex cells, produced by a flower’s anthers.

Pubescent – with soft, downy hairs.

Rachis – main stalk of a compound leaf or stem of an inflorescence or array of fruits.

Reflexed – bent back at an angle of more than 90 degrees.

Sepal – outer, usually less colourful, segments of a flower.

Stamen – male part of the flower, comprising anther and filament.

Stigma – receptive surface of the female part of a flower, to which pollen adheres.

Style – an element of the female part of the flower, sitting on the ovary and supporting the stigma.

Tepal – perianth segment when petals and sepals are not identifiably separable.

Tomentose – covered in cottony hairs.

Whorl – several leaves or branches arising from the same point on a stem.