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While many builders pursuing minimal environmental impacts avoid the use of milled lumber, cordwood masonry construction makes use of “junk wood” that would otherwise be ignored. Firewood, deadfall, logging remains, and even construction scraps can be used, as can trees harvested to thin forests producing lumber. The wood is typically cut into 24-inch lengths and laid transversely in the wall, with mortar filling the spaces on both the interior and exterior. The spaces between the logs in the middle of the wall are insulated with loose fill, often a treated sawdust. The system can create strong, beautiful, load-bearing walls with good insulation and thermal mass properties.

2.3: Rammed-earth building.

It has also often been used in conjunction with straw bale walls, typically to create the lower portion of a wall that then continues with straw bale. Recent developments in the use of earth-based mortars have made the system even more environmentally friendly.