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Glossary

The following terms are used in this book:

AAPL JOA The model form joint operating agreement issued by the American Association of Professional Landmen (AAPL).
Abandoned mine methane (AMM) Methane that is released by coal mining operations and resides in worked and abandoned mine workings.
AFE Authorisation for expenditure.
AIPN JOA The model form joint operating agreement issued by the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN).
American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity The measure, expressed in degrees (°), of the weight of hydrocarbon relative to water, which is then applied to grade produced petroleum.
AMIA Area of mutual interest agreement.
AMPLA JOA The model form joint operating agreement issued by the Australian Mining Petroleum Law Association (AMPLA).
Associated gas Natural gas that exists in solution with, and is typically produced in association with, crude oil (to be contrasted with non-associated gas, which is produced in its own right).
Bitumen Crude oil in a semi-solid or solid form which has an API gravity below 10°.
BNOC JOA The fifth round UK continental shelf model form joint operating agreement, issued in 1977.
CAPL JOA The model form joint operating agreement issued by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Landmen (CAPL).
Coal bed methane (CBM) Methane produced by drilling into unworked underground coal seams, sometimes also known as coal seam gas (CSG).
Condensates Pentanes that exist as a liquid at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Crude oil Hydrocarbon deposits represented by light oil, medium oil and heavy oil.
DSA Decommissioning security agreement.
FOA Farm-out agreement.
Hydrocarbon A generic term for organic carbon/hydrogen compounds which form the basis of all petroleum substances.
JSBA Joint study and bid agreement.
JVC Joint venture company.
Liquids A generic term for condensates and natural gas liquids.
LNG Liquefied natural gas.
MER UK “Maximising Economic Strategy for the UK” policy document issued by the UK Oil & Gas Authority, 2016.
Natural gas Hydrocarbon deposits occurring naturally as a gas or as mixed gas and liquids, consisting of methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentanes.
Natural gas liquids (NGLs) Ethane, propane and butane extracted from a natural gas stream.
OGUK JOA The model form joint operating agreement issued by Oil & Gas UK Limited (OGUK) for use on the UK Continental Shelf.
Petroleum A generic term for crude oil, natural gas and liquids.
Petroleum laws Prevailing legislation and regulation which allows for exploitation of a state’s mineral wealth.
PSC Production sharing contract.
RMMLF JOA The model form joint operating agreement issued by the Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation (RMMLF).
UKCS The offshore United Kingdom Continental Shelf areas licensed for petroleum exploration and production.
Unconventional petroleum Petroleum which is produced by other than conventional means.
UUOA Unitisation and unit operating agreement.
WP&B Work programme and budget.
Joint Operating Agreements

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