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COMPLETE CONTENTS

Introduction

What Is a Fish?

Why This Book?

Systematics of Fishes

About This Book

Anatomy of Fishes

External Anatomy

Body Shapes

Fins

Fin-ray Elements and Dorsal-fin Configurations

Pelvic-fin Positions

Caudal-fin Shapes

Mouth Positions

Oral and Pharyngeal Jaw Diversity

Standard Measurements

Sensory Systems

Skeletal Anatomy

THE FISHES: VERTEBRATA—Vertebrates

Agnatha (Cyclostomata)—Jawless Fishes

Myxiniformes—Myxinidae—Hagfishes

Petromyzontiformes—Lampreys

Petromyzontidae—Northern Lampreys

Gnathostomata—Jawed Vertebrates

Chondrichthyes—Cartilaginous Fishes

Holocephali—Chimaeras

Chimaeriformes—Chimaeras

Chimaeridae—Ratfishes, Shortnose Chimaeras

Elasmobranchii—Sharks and Rays

Selachii—Sharks

Heterodontiformes—Heterodontidae: Bullhead Sharks

Orectolobiformes—Carpet Sharks

Ginglymostomatidae—Nurse Sharks

Rhincodontidae—Whale Sharks

Lamniformes—Mackerel Sharks

Alopiidae—Thresher Sharks

Lamnidae—Mackerel Sharks

Lamniform Diversity

Carcharhiniformes—Ground Sharks

Triakidae—Hound Sharks

Carcharhinidae—Requiem Sharks

Sphyrnidae—Hammerhead Sharks

Hexanchiformes—Six-gill Sharks

Hexanchidae—Cow Sharks

Echinorhiniformes—Echinorhinidae: Bramble Sharks

Squaliformes—Dogfish Sharks

Squalidae—Dogfish Sharks

Dalatiidae—Kitefin Sharks

Squatiniformes—Squatinidae—Angel Sharks

Pristiophoriformes—Pristiophoridae—Saw Sharks

Batoidea—Skates and Rays

Torpediniformes—Electric Rays

Narcinidae—Numbfishes

Pristiformes—Pristidae—Sawfishes

Rajiformes—Skates

Rhinobatidae—Guitarfishes

Rajidae—Skates

Myliobatiformes—Stingrays

Urotrygonidae—American Round Stingrays

Dasyatidae—Whiptail Stingrays

Gymnuridae—Butterfly Rays

Myliobatidae—Eagle Rays

Osteichthyes—Bony Fishes

Sarcopterygii—Lobe-finned Fishes

Coelacanthiformes—Latimeriidae—Coelacanths

Ceratodontiformes—Lungfishes

Actinopterygii—Ray-finned Fishes

Actinopterygii I—Lower Ray-finned Fishes

Polypteriformes—Polypteridae—Bichirs

Acipenseriformes—Sturgeons and Paddlefishes

Acipenseridae—Sturgeons

Polyodontidae—Paddlefishes

Holostei—Gars and Bowfins

Lepisosteiformes—Lepisosteidae—Gars

Amiiformes—Amiidae—Bowfins

Teleostei—Teleosts

Osteoglossomorpha—Bonytongues and Mooneyes

Osteoglossiformes—Bonytongues

Hiodontiformes—Hiodontidae—Mooneyes

Elopomorpha

Elopiformes—Tenpounders and Tarpons

Elopidae—Tenpounders and Ladyfishes

Megalopidae—Tarpons

Albuliformes—Bonefishes

Albulidae—Bonefishes

Notacanthiformes—Spiny Eels and Halosaurs

Anguilliformes—Eels

Anguillidae—Freshwater Eels

Muraenidae—Moray Eels

Ophichthidae—Snake Eels and Worm Eels

Congridae—Conger Eels

Anguilliform Diversity

Saccopharyngiformes—Swallowers and Gulper Eels

Otocephala

Clupeiformes—Herrings, Anchovies, and Relatives

Engraulidae—Anchovies

Clupeidae—Herrings

Ostariophysi

Gonorynchiformes—Milkfishes and Relatives

Cypriniformes—Carps and Relatives

Cyprinidae—Carps and Minnows

Catostomidae—Suckers

Cypriniform Diversity

Characiformes—Characins

Siluriformes—Catfishes

Ictaluridae—North American Catfishes

Ariidae—Sea Catfishes

Siluriform Diversity

Gymnotiformes—American Knifefishes

Euteleostei

Argentiniformes—Marine Smelts

Osmeriformes—Smelts and Relatives

Salmoniformes—Salmons, Trouts, and Relatives

Salmonidae—Salmons and Trouts

Esociformes—Pikes and Mudminnows

Esocidae—Pikes and Pickerels

Stomiiformes—Dragonfishes

Gonostomatidae—Bristlemouths

Sternoptychidae—Marine Hatchetfishes

Stomiidae—Barbeled Dragonfishes

Ateleopodiformes—Ateleopodidae—Jellynose Fishes

Aulopiformes—Lizardfishes and Relatives

Aulopidae—Flagfins

Synodontidae—Lizardfishes

Aulopiform Diversity

Myctophiformes—Lanternfishes and Blackchins

Actinopterygii II: Acanthomorpha—Spiny-rayed Fishes

Lampridiformes—Opahs and Relatives

Polymixiiformes—Polymixiidae—Beardfishes

Percopsiformes—Trout–perches and Relatives

Gadiformes—Cods and Relatives

Macrouridae—Grenadiers and Rattails

Gadidae—Cods

Gadiform Diversity

Zeiformes—Dories

Stephanoberyciformes—Pricklefishes

Beryciformes—Alfonso Squirrelfishes

Anoplogastridae—Fangtooths

Holocentridae—Squirrelfishes

Beryciform Diversity

Percomorpha

Mugiliformes—Mugilidae—Mullets

Atherinomorpha

Atheriniformes—Silversides and Relatives

Atherinopsidae—New World Silversides

Atheriniform Diversity

Beloniformes—Needlefishes and Relatives

Belonidae—Needlefishes

Hemiramphidae—Halfbeaks

Exocoetidae—Flyingfishes

Cyprinodontiformes—Killifishes

Fundulidae—Topminnows

Cyprinodontidae—Pupfishes

Poeciliidae—Livebearers

Cyprinodontiform Diversity

Gasterosteiformes—Sticklebacks

Gasterosteidae—Sticklebacks

Gasterosteiform Diversity

Syngnathiformes—Pipefishes and Relatives

Syngnathidae—Pipefishes and Seahorses

Syngnathiform Diversity

Synbranchiformes—Swamp Eels

Mastacembelidae—Spiny Eels

Dactylopteriformes—Dactylopteridae—Flying Gurnards

Scorpaeniformes—Scorpionfishes, Seabasses, and Relatives

Scorpaenidae—Scorpionfishes

Triglidae—Searobins

Epinephelidae—Groupers and Soapfishes

Serranidae—Seabasses and Anthiines

Scorpaeniform Diversity 1

Scorpaeniform Diversity 2

Perciformes (Percoidei)—Perches and Relatives

Centropomidae—Snooks

Moronidae—Temperate Basses

Opistognathidae—Jawfishes

Centrarchidae—Sunfishes

Percidae—Perches

Priacanthidae—Bigeyes

Apogonidae—Cardinalfishes

Lutjanidae—Snappers

Gerreidae—Mojarras

Haemulidae—Grunts

Polynemidae—Threadfins

Sciaenidae—Drums and Croakers

Mullidae—Goatfishes

Kyphosidae—Rudderfishes

Chaetodontidae—Butterflyfishes

Pomacanthidae—Angelfishes

Cirrhitidae—Hawkfishes

Sphyraenidae—Barracudas

Sparidae—Porgies

Perciform Diversity 1

Perciform Diversity 2

Carangiformes—Jacks and Relatives

Echeneidae—Remoras

Carangidae—Jacks

Carangiform Diversity

Labriformes—Wrasses and Relatives

Labridae—Wrasses and Relatives

“Chromides”—Cichlids, Damselfishes, and Relatives

Cichlidae—Cichlids

Pomacentridae—Damselfishes

Embiotocidae—Surfperches

Nototheniiformes—Icefishes and Relatives

Trachiniformes—Weeverfishes and Relatives

Uranoscopidae—Stargazers

Pholidichthyiformes—Pholidichthyidae—Convict Blennies

Blenniiformes—Blennies

Tripterygiidae—Triplefin Blennies

Blenniidae—Combtooth Blennies

Labrisomidae—Labrisomid Blennies

Chaenopsidae—Tube Blennies

Blenniiform Diversity

Gobiesociformes—Gobiesocidae—Clingfishes

Gobiiformes—Gobies and Relatives

Gobiidae—Gobies

Eleotridae—Sleepers

Gobiiform Diversity

Acanthuriformes—Surgeonfishes and Relatives

Acanthuridae—Surgeonfishes

Acanthuriform Diversity

Xiphiiformes—Billfishes and Swordfishes

Scombriformes—Tunas and Relatives

Scombridae—Mackerels and Tunas

Scombriform Diversity

Stromateiformes—Butterfishes and Relatives

Icosteiformes—Icosteidae—Ragfishes

Caproiformes—Caproidae—Boarfishes

Anabantiformes—Gouramies and Snakeheads

Cottiformes—Sculpins, Eelpouts, and Relatives

Hexagrammidae—Greenlings

Cottidae—Sculpins

Liparidae—Snailfishes

Zoarcidae—Eelpouts

Cottiform Diversity

Ophidiiformes—Cusk-eels and Brotulas

Ophidiidae—Cusk-eels

Bythitidae—Viviparous Brotulas

Batrachoidiformes—Batrachoididae—Toadfishes

Lophiiformes—Anglerfishes

Antennariidae—Frogfishes

Ceratioidei—Deep-sea Anglerfishes

Lophiiform Diversity

Pleuronectiformes—Flatfishes

Paralichthyidae—Sand Flounders

Pleuronectidae—Righteye Flounders

Bothidae—Lefteye Flounders

Achiridae—American Soles

Cynoglossidae—Tonguefishes

Tetraodontiformes—Plectognaths

Balistidae—Triggerfishes

Monacanthidae—Filefishes

Ostraciidae—Boxfishes

Tetraodontidae—Puff ers

Diodontidae—Porcupinefishes

Molidae—Molas

Tetraodontiform Diversity

Glossary

References

Index

Phylogenetic hypothesis including all orders covered in this book