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Sir Francis Drake, the greatest of the naval adventurers of England of the time of Elizabeth, was born in Devonshire about 1540. He went to sea early, was sailing to the Spanish Main by 1565, and commanded a ship under Hawkins in an expedition that was overwhelmed by the Spaniards in 1567. In order to recompense himself for the loss suffered in this disaster, he equipped the expedition against the Spanish treasure-house at Nombre de Dios in 1572, the fortunes of which are described in the first of the two following narratives. It was on this voyage that he was led by native guides to "that goodly and great high tree" on the isthmus of Darien, from which, first of Englishmen, he looked on the Pacific, and "besought Almighty God of His goodness to give him life and leave to sail once in an English ship in that sea."

The fulfilment of this prayer is described in the second of the voyages here printed, in which it is told how, in 1578, Drake passed through the Straits of Magellan into waters never before sailed by his countrymen, and with a single ship rifled the Spanish settlements on the west coast of South America and plundered the Spanish treasure-ships; how, considering it unsafe to go back the way he came lest the enemy should seek revenge, he went as far north as the Golden Gate, then passed across the Pacific and round by the Cape of Good Hope, and so home, the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe. Only Magellan's ship had preceded him in the feat, and Magellan had died on the voyage. The Queen visited the ship, "The Golden Hind," as she lay at Deptford and knighted the commander on board.

Drake's further adventures were of almost equal interest. Returning from a raid on the Spaniards in 1586, he brought home the despairing Virginian colony, and is said at the same time to have introduced from America tobacco and potatoes. Two years later he led the English fleet in the decisive engagement with the Great Armada. In 1595 he set out on another voyage to the Spanish Main; and in the January of the following year died off Porto Bello and was buried in the waters where he had made his name as the greatest seaman of his day and nation.

TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY

CHARLES THE FIRST, OF

GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, and IRELAND,

KING, all the blessings of this, and a better life.

MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN,

That this brief Treatise is yours, both by right and by

succession, will appear by the Author's and Actor's ensuing

Dedication. To praise either the Mistress or the Servant, might justly incur the censure of Quis eos unquam sanus vituperavit; either's worth having sufficiently blazed their fame. This Present loseth nothing, by glancing on former actions; and the observation of passed adventures may probably advantage future employments. Caesar wrote his own Commentaries; and this Doer was partly the Indictor. Neither is there wanting living testimony to confirm its truth. For his sake, then, cherish what is good! and I shall willingly entertain check for what is amiss. Your favourable acceptance may encourage my collecting of more neglected notes! However, though Virtue, as Lands, be not inheritable; yet hath he left of his Name, one that resolves, and therein joys to approve himself. Your most humble and loyal subject, FRANCIS DRAKE [BART.]

The Dedicatory Epistle, Intended To

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Written By SIR FRANCIS DRAKE, Deceased.

To The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty,

my most dread Sovereign.

Madam,

Seeing divers have diversely reported and written of these Voyages

and Actions which I have attempted and made, every one

endeavouring to bring to light whatsoever inklings or conjectures

they have had; whereby many untruths have been published, and the

certain truth concealed: as [so] I have thought it necessary

myself, as in a Card [chart] to prick the principal points of the

counsels taken, attempts made, and success had, during the whole

course of my employment in these services against the Spaniard.

Not as setting sail for maintaining my reputation in men's

judgment, but only as sitting at helm, if occasion shall be, for

conducting the like actions hereafter. So I have accounted it my

duty, to present this Discourse to Your Majesty, as of right;

either for itself being the first fruits of your Servant's pen, or

for the matter, being service done to Your Majesty by your poor

vassal, against your great Enemy: at times, in such places, and

after such sort as may seem strange to those that are not

acquainted with the whole carriage thereof; but will be a pleasing

remembrance to Your Highness, who take the apparent height of the

Almighty's favour towards you, by these events, as truest

instruments.

Humbly submitting myself to Your gracious censure, both in writing

and presenting; that Posterity be not deprived of such help as may

happily be gained hereby, and our present Age, at least, may be

satisfied, in the rightfulness of these actions, which hitherto

have been silenced: and Your Servant's labour not seem altogether

lost, not only in travels by sea and land, but also in writing the

Report thereof (a work to him no less troublesome) yet made

pleasant and sweet, in that it hath been, is, and shall be for

Your Majesty's content; to whom I have devoted myself [and] live

or die.

FRANCIS DRAKE [Knight].

January 1, 1592 [i.e., 1593].

TO THE COURTEOUS READER

HONEST READER,

Without apology, I desire thee, in this ensuing Discourse, to

observe, with me, the power and justice of the LORD of Hosts, Who

could enable so mean a person to right himself upon so mighty a

Prince; together with the goodness and providence of GOD very

observable in that it pleased Him to raise this man, not only from

a low condition, but even from the state of persecution. His

father suffered in it, being forced to fly from his house, near

South Tavistock in Devon, into Kent: and there to inhabit in the

hull of a ship, wherein many of his younger sons were born. He had

twelve in all: and as it pleased GOD to give most of them a being

upon the water, so the greatest part of them died at sea. The

youngest, who though he was [went] as far as any, yet died at

home; whose posterity inherits that, which by himself and this

noble Gentleman the eldest brother, was hardly, yet worthily

gotten.

I could more largely acquaint thee, that this voyage was his Third

he made into the West Indies; after that [of] his excellent

service, both by sea and land, in Ireland, under WALTER, Earl of

ESSEX; his next, about the World; another, wherein he took St.

Jago, Cartagena, St. Domingo, St. Augustino; his doings at Cadiz;

besides the first Carrack taught by him to sail into England; his

stirrings in Eighty-seven; his remarkable actions in Eighty-eight;

his endeavours in the Portugal employment; his last enterprise,

determined by death; and his filling Plymouth with a plentiful

stream of fresh water: but I pass by all these. I had rather thou

shouldest inquire of others! then to seem myself a vainglorious

man.

I intend not his praise! I strive only to set out the praise of

his and our good GOD! that guided him in his truth! and protected

him in his courses! My ends are to stir thee up to the worship of

GOD, and service of our King and Country, by his example! If

anything be worth thy consideration; conclude with me, that the

LORD only, can do great things!

FRANCIS DRAKE [Bart.]