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Philippa B. Cranwell
Foundations of Chemistry
Читать книгу Foundations of Chemistry - Philippa B. Cranwell - Страница 1
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Foundations of Chemistry An Introductory Course for Science Students
Страница 8
Страница 9
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Страница 13
0 Fundamentals
0.1 Introduction to chemistry
0.2 Measurement in chemistry and science – SI units
Worked Example 0.1
Solution
0.3 Expressing large and small numbers using scientific notation
Box 0.1
Worked Example 0.2
Solution
Worked Example 0.3
Solution
0.4 Using metric prefixes
0.4.1 Units of mass and volume used in chemistry
Mass
Volume
Worked Example 0.4
Solution
Worked Example 0.5
Solution
0.5 Significant figures
Worked Example 0.6
Solution
0.6 Calculations using scientific notation 0.6.1 Adding and subtracting
Worked Example 0.7
Solution
0.6.2 Multiplying and dividing numbers
Worked Example 0.8
Solution
0.7 Writing chemical formulae and equations 0.7.1 Writing chemical formulae
0.7.2 Writing and balancing chemical equations
Worked Example 0.9
Solution
0.7.3 Indicating the physical state of reactants and products in chemical equations
Quick‐check summary
End‐of‐chapter questions
1 Atomic structure
1.1 Atomic structure
1.1.1 Subatomic particles
1.1.2 Mass number (
A
) and atomic number (
Z
)
Worked Example 1.1
Solution
Worked Example 1.2
Solution
1.1.3 Isotopes
Worked Example 1.3
Solution
1.1.4 Radioisotopes
1.2 Electronic structure
1.2.1 The periodic table
1.2.2 Electron energy levels
1.2.3 Simple electronic configurations
Worked Example 1.4
Solution
1.2.4 Sub‐shells and atomic orbitals
s orbitals
p orbitals
d orbitals
1.2.5 Describing electronic configurations
1.2.6 Electronic structures and the periodic table
Worked Example 1.5
Solution
Worked Example 1.6
Solution
Worked Example 1.7
Solution
Quick‐check summary
End‐of‐chapter questions
2 Chemical bonding
2.1 Bonding
2.1.1 Atoms and molecules
2.1.2 Metallic bonding
Worked Example 2.1
Solution
2.1.3 Ionic bonding
Worked Example 2.2
Solution
Worked Example 2.3
Solution
2.1.4 Covalent bonding
Worked Example 2.4
Solution
Dative covalent bonding
Simple molecular covalent bonding and giant covalent bonding
2.2 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
2.2.1 How to determine the number of areas of electron density around a central atom
Box 2.1 Depicting the three‐dimensional shape of a molecule
2.2.2 Two electron centres around the central atom: linear molecules
2.2.3 Three electron centres around the central atom: trigonal planar molecules
2.2.4 Four electron centres around the central atom: tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent molecules
2.2.5 Five electron centres around the central atom: trigonal bipyramidal molecules
Box 2.2
2.2.6 Six electron centres around the central atom: octahedral molecules
Summary
Worked Example 2.5
Solution
Worked Example 2.6
Solution
Worked Example 2.7
Solution
Worked Example 2.8
Solution
Worked Example 2.9
Solution
Box 2.3
2.3 Polar bonds and polar molecules
2.3.1 Electronegativity
2.3.2 Polar bonds
2.3.3 Polar molecules
Worked Example 2.10
Solution
2.4 Intermolecular forces
2.4.1 Permanent dipole–permanent dipole interactions
2.4.2 London dispersion forces (instantaneous dipole–induced dipole)
2.4.3 Hydrogen bonding
2.4.4 Summary of strengths of intermolecular forces
Worked Example 2.11
Solution
2.4.5 A special case: ion‐dipole intermolecular forces
Quick‐check summary
End‐of‐chapter questions
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