Читать книгу Foundations of Chemistry - Philippa B. Cranwell - Страница 105

We have seen that when considering the arrangement of atoms in a covalently bonded molecule, a molecule can adopt seven basic shapes. These shapes are based on five different distributions of electron density around the central atom and are shown in Figure 2.19. Other combinations of bonded atoms and lone pairs can result in different shapes not included here: for example, the ammonium ion, NH₄⁺, has the same shape as a methane, CH₄ molecule as the nitrogen atom is surrounded by four N—H bonds which constitute four areas of electron density.

Figure 2.19 Common shapes of simple covalent molecules.