Читать книгу The Natural History of Pliny (Vol. 1-6) - Pliny the Elder - Страница 220

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Upon the adjoining coast is Caria3922, then Ionia, and beyond it Æolis. Caria surrounds Doris, which lies in the middle, and runs down on both sides of it to the sea. In it3923 is the Promontory of Pedalium3924, the river Glaucus3925, into which the Telmedium3926 discharges itself, the towns of Dædala3927, Crya3928, peopled by fugitives, the river Axon3929, and the town of Calynda3930.

(28.) The river Indus3931, which rises in the mountains of the Cibyratæ3932, receives sixty-five rivers which are constantly flowing, besides upwards of 100 mountain torrents. Here is the free town of Caunos3933, then the town of Pyrnos3934, the port of Cressa3935, from which the island of Rhodes is distant twenty miles; the place where Loryma formerly stood, the towns of Tisanusa3936, Paridion3937, and Larymna3938, the Gulf of Thymnias3939, the Promontory of Aphrodisias3940, the town of Hyda, the Gulf of Schœnus, and the district of Bubasus3941. There was formerly the town of Acanthus here, another name of which was Dulopolis. We then come to Cnidos3942, a free town, situate on a promontory, Triopia3943, and after that the towns of Pegusa and Stadia.

At this last town Doris begins; but, first, it may be as well to describe the districts that lie to the back of Caria and the several jurisdictions in the interior. The first of these3944 is called Cibyratica, Cibyra being a town of Phrygia. Twenty-five states resort to it for legal purposes, together with the most famous city of Laodicea3945.

(29.) This place at first bore the name of Diospolis, and after that of Rhoas, and is situate on the river Lycus, the Asopus and the Caprus3946 washing its sides. The other people belonging to the same jurisdiction, whom it may be not amiss to mention, are the Hydrelitæ3947, the Themisones3948, and the Hierapolitæ3949. The second jurisdiction receives its title from Synnas3950; to it resort the Lycaones3951, the Appiani3952, the Eucarpeni3953, the Dorylæi3954, the Midæi, the Julienses3955, and fifteen other peoples of no note. The third jurisdiction has its seat at Apamea3956, formerly called Celænæ3957, and after that Cibotos. This place is situate at the foot of Mount Signia, the Marsyas, the Obrima, and the Orga, rivers which fall into the Mæander, flowing past it. Here the Marsyas, rising from the earth, again makes its appearance, but soon after buries itself once more at Aulocrenæ3958, the spot where Marsyas had the musical contest with Apollo as to superiority of skill in playing on the flute. Aulocrenæ is the name given to a valley which lies ten miles on the road towards Phrygia from Apamea. As belonging to this jurisdiction, it may be as well to mention the Metropolitæ3959, the Dionysopolitæ3960, the Euphorbeni3961, the Acmonenses3962, the Pelteni3963, and the Silbiani3964, besides nine other nations of no note.

Upon the Gulf of Doris3965 we have Leucopolis, Hamaxitos, Eleus, and Euthene3966. We then come to Pitaium, Eutane3967, and Halicarnassus3968, towns of Caria. To the jurisdiction of this last place six towns were appended by Alexander the Great, Theangela3969, Sibde, Medmasa, Euralium, Pedasus, and Telmissus3970. Halicarnassus lies between two gulfs, those of Ceramus3971 and Iasus3972. We then come to Myndos3973, and the former site of Palæomyndos; also Nariandos, Neapolis3974, Caryanda3975, the free town of Termera3976, Bargyla3977, and the town of Iasus3978, from which the Iasian Gulf takes its name.

Caria is especially distinguished for the fame of its places in the interior; for here are Mylasa3979, a free town, and that of Antiochia3980, on the site of the former towns of Symmæthos and Cranaos: it is now surrounded by the rivers Mæander3981 and Orsinus3982. In this district also was formerly Mæandropolis3983; we find also Eumenia3984, situate on the river Cludros, the river Glaucus3985, the town of Lysias and Orthosa3986, the district of Berecynthus3987, Nysa3988, and Tralles3989, also called Euanthia3990, Seleucia, and Antiochia: it is washed by the river Eudon, while the Thebais runs through it. Some authors say that a nation of Pygmies formerly dwelt here. Besides the preceding towns, there are Thydonos, Pyrrha3991, Eurome3992, Heraclea3993, Amyzon3994, the free town of Alabanda3995, which has given name to that jurisdiction, the free town of Stratonicea3996, Hynidos, Ceramus3997, Trœzene3998, and Phorontis. At a greater distance3999, but resorting to the same place of jurisdiction, are the Orthronienses, the Alindienses4000 or Hippini, the Xystiani4001, the Hydissenses, the Apolloniatæ4002, the Trapezopolitæ4003, and the Aphrodisienses4004, a free people. Besides the above, there are the towns of Coscinus4005, and Harpasa4006, situate on the river Harpasus4007, which also passed the town of Trallicon when it was in existence.