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2.7.5 Continuous PFR

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A prominent feature of the SYNDEM grid architecture is that some active participants, both supply and load, can provide PFR. They can continuously adjust the output or the intake according to the system frequency in an autonomous manner. Figure 2.12 illustrates this capability of a VSM connected to the UK grid. The real power output changed autonomously according to the changing frequency, demonstrating excellent PFR. Some non‐essential loads, e.g., HVAC systems and pumping systems, can also provide this continuous PFR at a very high level. In other words, these loads can provide continuous demand response, autonomously, instead of the conventional on–off demand response. See Chapters 5 and 19 for more details about continuous PFR provided by loads.


Figure 2.12 The frequency regulation capability of a VSM connected the UK public grid.

Power Electronics-Enabled Autonomous Power Systems

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