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User plane protocol layers perform the functions required to transmit and receive the user/application traffic between the source and destination network element and vice versa. As an example, Figure 3.8 shows the end‐to‐end LTE system, TS 23.401 [39], user plane protocol layers structure starting from the UE, eNodeB, and S‐GW to P‐GW.

At the UE end, the user plane protocols consist of the application layer, IP layer, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and physical layer. Note that the application and IP layers terminate at the P‐GW. The IP layer contains the source and destination IP addresses using which the P‐GW receives/route the user application data packets toward the external packet data network. The air interface layers (RLC, MAC, and PDCP) terminate at the eNodeB end.

Figure 3.8 LTE UE – P‐GW user plane protocol layers.

Source: © 2015. 3GPP ™ TSs and TRs are the property of ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA and TTC who jointly own the copyright in them. © 2015, 3GPP.