Читать книгу English Verse - Raymond Macdonald Alden - Страница 55

A spending hand that alway poureth out

Had need to have a bringer in as fast;

And on the stone that still doth turn about

There groweth no moss. These proverbs yet do last:

Reason hath set them in so sure a place,

That length of years their force can never waste.

When I remember this, and eke the case

Wherein thou stand'st, I thought forthwith to write,

Bryan, to thee. Who knows how great a grace, …

(Sir Thomas Wyatt: How to use the court and himself therein, written to Sir Francis Bryan. ab. 1542.)

The terza rima is, strictly speaking, a scheme of continuous verse rather than a stanza, each tercet being united by the rime-scheme to the preceding. Its use in English has always been slight, and always due to conscious imitation of the Italian. No successful attempt has been made to use it for a long poem, as Dante did in the Divina Commedia. Wyatt's specimen is the earliest in English; he chose the form for his three satires imitating those of Alamanni.

Once, O sweet once, I saw with dread oppressed

Her whom I dread; so that with prostrate lying

Her length the earth Love's chiefe clothing dressed.

I saw that riches fall, and fell a crying:— Let not dead earth enjoy so deare a cover, But decke therewith my soule for your sake dying; Lay all your feare upon your fearfull lover: Shine, eyes, on me, that both our lives be guarded: So I your sight, you shall your selves recover.

(Sir Philip Sidney: Thyrsis and Dorus, in the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. ab. 1580.)

Why do the Gentiles tumult, and the nations

Muse a vain thing, the kings of earth upstand

With power, and princes in their congregations

Lay deep their plots together through each land

Against the Lord and his Messiah dear?

"Let us break off," say they, "by strength of hand

Their bonds, and cast from us, no more to wear,

Their twisted cords." He who in Heaven doth dwell

Shall laugh.

(Milton: Psalm II. 1653.)

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,

Thou from whose unseen presence the leaves dead

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,

Pestilence-stricken multitudes! O thou

Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed

The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,

Each like a corpse within its grave, until

Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odors plain and hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, oh hear!

(Shelley: Ode to the West Wind. 1819.)

In this case the tercets are united in groups of three to form a strophe of fourteen lines together with a final couplet riming with the middle line of the preceding tercet.

The true has no value beyond the sham:

As well the counter as coin, I submit,

When your table's a hat, and your prize a dram.

Stake your counter as boldly every whit,

Venture as warily, use the same skill,

Do your best, whether winning or losing it,

If you choose to play!—is my principle.

Let a man contend to the uttermost

For his life's set prize, be it what it will!

(Browning: The Statue and the Bust. 1855.)

The effort to translate Dante in the original metre is especially interesting, and marked by great difficulties; to furnish the necessary rimes, without introducing expletive words that mar the simplicity of the original, being a serious problem. The following are interesting specimens of translations where this problem is grappled with; the first is a well-known fragment, the second a portion of a still unpublished translation of the Inferno, reproduced here by the courtesy of the author.

Then she to me: "The greatest of all woes Is to remind us of our happy days In misery, and that thy teacher knows. But if to learn our passion's first root preys Upon thy spirit with such sympathy, I will do even as he who weeps and says. We read one day for pastime, seated nigh, Of Lancelot, how love enchained him too. We were alone, quite unsuspiciously. But oft our eyes met, and our cheeks in hue All o'er discolored by that reading were; But one point only wholly us o'erthrew; When we read the long-sighed-for smile of her, To be thus kissed by such devoted lover, He who from me can be divided ne'er Kissed my mouth, trembling in the act all over. Accursed was the book and he who wrote! That day no further leaf did we uncover."

(Byron: Francesca of Rimini, from Dante's Inferno, Canto V. 1820.)

"Wherefore for thee I think and deem it well

Thou follow me, and I will bring about

Thy passage thither where the eternal dwell.

There shalt thou hearken the despairing shout,

Shalt see the ancient spirits with woe opprest,

Who craving for the second death cry out.

Then shalt thou those behold who are at rest

Amid the flame, because their hopes aspire

To come, when it may be, among the blest.

If to ascend to these be thy desire, Thereto shall be a soul of worthier strain; Thee shall I leave with her when I retire: Because the Emperor who there doth reign, For I rebellious was to his decree, Wills that his city none by me attain. In all parts ruleth, and there reigneth he— There is his city and his lofty throne: O happy they who thereto chosen be!"

(Melville B. Anderson: Dante's Inferno, Canto i. ll. 112–129.)