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In Figure 1.2, you can see that the international community has developed and launched a plethora of Earth‐observing satellites, each with several onboard sensors that have a range of capabilities. I am not able to discuss every sensor, dataset, and mission (a term coined by NASA to describe projects involving spacecraft). However, I will describe some that are relevant to this text, organized by subject area.

Figure 1.2 Illustration of current Earth, space weather, and environmental monitoring satellites from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Source: U.S. Department of Commerce / NOAA / Public Domain.