Читать книгу The Orthodontic Mini-implant Clinical Handbook - Richard Cousley - Страница 39

2.6 Cigarette Smoking

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Heavy tobacco consumption is associated with a significantly higher failure rate [50]. Therefore, whilst cigarette smoking is not an absolute contraindication to mini‐implant usage, smokers should be warned of the risk and advised to stop before mini‐implant insertion.

The Orthodontic Mini-implant Clinical Handbook

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