Читать книгу The Ultimate Introduction to NLP: How to build a successful life - Richard Bandler - Страница 8

As Richard Bandler walked towards the stage, Joe stared at him curiously. He had heard that top executives, Olympic athletes and even presidents of countries had benefited from NLP, but he still wasn’t sure what it was all about. He really wanted to understand it properly, and as Richard Bandler had been one of the co-creators of the field in the early 1970s, this seminar seemed the perfect place to start. He opened his journal as Richard began to speak:

Let me begin by giving you the background to all of this. When it started out – well, it was actually a fluke. My training was primarily in mathematics, logic and science, and when I was in college I moved into a house owned by a psychiatrist, and it was filled with books. Being an avid reader, I started reading them, waiting to get to the point where they said what you could do to help a patient.

Unfortunately the only book that I found that told you how to do anything was the book that told you how to prescribe drugs. If people were depressed, you could prescribe antidepressants for them. The worst part was that many of the people who took antidepressants were still depressed. It’s not much good when you take the drug and you go, ‘My life is still all screwed up.’

Being the practical guy that I am, I couldn’t believe that was it, so I started investigating further.

Now, if there’s one thing that’s kept me moving over the years, it’s the will to find simple ways to do difficult things. And this search has brought me in touch with some truly amazing human beings. Today I’ll tell you a little about some of them and the things I had the chance to learn from them.

In the beginning, all I did was go out and explore how people behaved: I was convinced there had to be a better way to organize information about how humans do things. When I met schizophrenics, I thought they were much like my neighbours – I couldn’t really tell the difference. They just had different ways of thinking about the world than others did. Their models or maps didn’t match other people’s experience.

In fact, the concept that the map is not the territory is one of the ideas that laid the foundations of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. It means that your understanding of the world is based on how you represent it – your map – and not on the world itself.

Joe had the feeling that this was important, so he paid close attention as Richard continued:

In order to understand the world, we map it in our brains. Now, to make a map, you go through three basic processes.

First, you delete part of the information. On a city map, you don’t draw the cars, you don’t see what the rooftops look like, and so on. And this a useful process – until you delete something important like a whole block of buildings and then try to drive through it because your map says there’s nothing there.

How many of you have experienced this: you’re walking down a familiar street and all of a sudden you notice what looks like a new shop. You walk in, ask how long it’s been open and find out it’s been there for five years!

The audience nodded. Joe remembered having that experience often.

Next, when making a map, you generalize. On a map, all state roads are represented the same way, regardless of how they actually look, and when you see a blue-coloured shape you expect it to be a lake or the sea.

Generalization is part of the learning process. You play with fire, you get burned, you learn not to touch things when they’re too hot. It’s a good thing. But then you have a partner who cheats on you and you decide all men are pigs – that might be an over-generalization. It’s not the process itself that is good or bad, it’s when and how you use it.

Last, you distort part of the information. A city map is usually smaller than the city itself, right? And it’s flat: it’s a print on a piece of paper. In life, you distort information every time you blow things out of proportion, whether you make them bigger than they actually are or whether you make them smaller.

Another, subtler way you distort things is this: you attach meaning to something that happened, or something that someone said or did. A colleague enters the room and she doesn’t greet you: you figure she’s angry, or upset, or offended.

And again, I don’t mean to say that distortion is necessarily a bad thing. In fact, it can lead to fairly accurate conclusions. What’s important is that you realize there’s a process going on and that the way you see things and the way they really are may be very different. And most important of all: whatever you think is going on, I want you to remember that it’s just a map. And it doesn’t necessarily match the map of the people around you.

Think about that the next time you end up arguing about who’s right and who’s wrong. As long as you stay with your own map, you’ll also stay convinced that you’re probably right. And the other person will stay convinced they’re probably right. When your map and the maps of the people around you don’t match, that’s when the trouble begins.

Once I realized that, I understood that in order to have better options, better feelings, better interactions with others, you need to expand your map. You need to be able to look at the same things from different perspectives. The more detailed your map is, the more freedom and flexibility you have.

Joe jotted down in his journal what he was taking from this. He thought about his relationship with his girlfriend, the issues and misunderstandings they had been having recently and how they made him painfully aware of how scared he was of losing her. He loved her, but he would often find himself taking offence to what she said and believing that she didn’t understand him and was growing distant from him. Now he realized that she obviously had her map and her way of thinking about their relationship, just as he had his.

As he continued to listen to Richard, Joe decided that it would be a good idea to talk to his girlfriend and find out more about what she was thinking and feeling about things, rather than focusing purely on his own perceptions and concerns.

And Richard was offering valuable guidance:

A good piece of advice is this: do a reality check from time to time. Make sure that your map is up to date, because when people stop looking at what’s out there and only rely on their old map, they mess up in one of two ways: either they imagine limits and constraints where there are none, or they act as if something should work, and when it doesn’t, they just do more of the same.

I know many of you generalize the experiences you’ve had so far and then project them into your future. The fact is that your future hasn’t been written yet. Life is full of opportunities, and opportunities lie ahead, in the future. Don’t let anyone, not even your own map, convince you of the contrary.

For example, just because you have had some negative experiences with your business partners, it doesn’t mean that all human beings will stab you in the back over money. Perhaps it means you should learn to protect your interests; perhaps it means that you should change the way you select your business partners.

Imagine what life would be if the future could only be a repetition of what you have already experienced in the past: what a sad, sad world this would be. Not to mention the fact that we would still be living in caves and feeding off raw meat and bitter roots.

Luckily there’s an evolutionary drive in the universe, a force so strong that it defies chaos, and that force is what animates human beings.

Joe felt a sense of lightness as he came to a realization. In his journal, he wrote: ‘It’s not about who’s right and who’s wrong. It’s not about what’s “true”, either. A good map is a map that gets you to see things from different perspectives and that helps you feel as resourceful as possible about your situation.’

Richard was getting down to what was most important:

Now, NLP isn’t something that you can learn just by reading about it or talking about it. You learn NLP through practice! That’s why today’s programme is rich in techniques and exercises.

I want you to know that even though this is a short workshop, I’m going to put lots of stuff inside your mind that is going to come out later. You might not understand all of it now, but remember, your unconscious is also listening.

This all started with a simple idea: I would go out and find people who had done something successfully, and I would discover the unconscious process that they used.

Joe heard Emily whispering to Teresa. ‘What does he mean by “unconscious process”?’

Teresa responded quietly, ‘Unconscious processes are the recipes that you follow to produce thoughts, feelings and behaviour. By becoming aware of these processes, you can then deliberately improve them or change them.’

Emily nodded as she thought this through.

I would then teach people to consciously engage in these processes, so that their problems would get solved or they could acquire specific skills.

What people say they do, or believe they do – well, it’s often far removed from what they actually do.

The thing that, for me, makes NLP revolutionary is this: it’s the first time that we have been able to deliberately reshape the inside of our minds. We have the tools to find out where the crap we don’t want is and to replace it with things we actually do want.

Joe wasn’t convinced. Although his life had changed quite radically since his first seminar experience with Richard, the idea that you could reshape the inside of your mind seemed a bit far-fetched to him.

Richard, however, was moving forward:

You weren’t born with your bad habits. You weren’t born with your skills. You weren’t born with your beliefs. The vast majority of the things that you do, you learned – just like you learned to walk or to shake hands automatically.

Even fears are learned! Do you know there are only two natural fears? The fear of loud noises and the fear of falling – that’s it. All the rest are learned. Now, some of them are useful, like being afraid of rattlesnakes, and some of them are less useful. You don’t want to get rid of fear altogether; you just want to learn to be afraid of the appropriate thing at the appropriate time. Like having a phobia about cheating on your partner! That’s a phobia worth having.

When I started out, people kept telling me things like, ‘You don’t understand, Richard. Change is slow and painful.’

But I’m not an understanding person – I refuse to accept limiting beliefs just because I’m told to. I believe that most often people change rapidly without any of this nonsense. I mean, all kind of things happen. You watch a movie or read a book, you talk to a friend, or even to a stranger on the bus, and your life is transformed by it. Instantly. You don’t need to read the same sentence for 13 years – you just read it once and you go, ‘Wow! That makes a lot of sense!’

You can’t argue with the man’s logic, Joe thought to himself.

And here’s another of those things people still tell me: they come to me and go, ‘You have to discover who you really are and to accept yourself.’ Well, I’m here to tell you you don’t. You don’t have to be anything you don’t want to be. Because you’ve acted like a shy person up till now doesn’t mean you’re doomed to play shy for the rest of your life. The fact that you might have acted lazy or reckless doesn’t make you so – it’s a behavioural pattern, not who you are. You can be whoever you choose to be.

Change happens all the time – it’s the only constant in life. The point is, are you going to choose the direction your life will take and the kind of person you will become, or will you just sit back and wait for life to happen to you?

With NLP, you get to change how you think, feel and behave. You get to take what you are doing – both inside your head and in the real world – and reprogram yourself so that you can make powerful changes in your mind. So, you see, here you have the chance to take control of your life, but it only works if you do it – if you actually commit to doing what it takes to change things around, and then go and make it happen.

I want to share with you how you can not only feel as good as you have in the past, but even better than that. It’s about being able to pimp up your brain!

Joe laughed. He loved the idea that you could make changes to your mind just like that TV show where they took rusty old wrecks and transformed them into shining supercars! He remembered how sceptical he had felt when his sister had suggested that he go on the first seminar. Up to that moment he had been feeling stuck, out of options, and the idea that he could choose who he wanted to be – well, that had sounded just like wishful thinking. Now, he felt different. He listened attentively as Richard continued:

One day, the guy who owned the house I was living in called me and told me that Virginia Satir was going to be staying in the area, so I should keep an eye on her and make sure she was comfortable. Now, Virginia was the reason why I got sidetracked from mathematics and science and ended up co-creating NLP: she was a very talented psychotherapist who could actually produce consistent results.

The first time I saw her, I was outside working on my car, changing an oil filter, and suddenly this woman walked up the driveway. She was a vision: very tall and wearing a Day-Glo green dress, bright red high heels and big horn-rimmed glasses. She was staring at me with a big smile, so I got up, looked at her, and went, ‘Can I help you?’

And she said, ‘I certainly hope so. I’ve never used a wood-burning stove and I wouldn’t want to set the house on fire.’

As we walked towards her place, I said, ‘So, you’re Virginia. Everybody says you’re a great psychotherapist. What exactly do you do?’

‘Well,’ she said, ‘I don’t really do what other people do. I try to get my clients to be happy.’

Now that made a lot of sense to me, so I asked, ‘Does it work?’

And she said, ‘I’ve been very fortunate, because I’ve been able to help many people whom no one else could help.’

‘Like who?’ I asked.

‘Well, I work a lot with schizophrenics who are hospitalized, and I discovered that if you bring their whole family in, some of them don’t seem so crazy anymore.’

Being someone who studied systems, I found this very interesting.

So, Virginia offered to take me with her. She was doing some training with the staff in a mental hospital and when I watched her work, everything she did seemed to make perfect sense to me. The questions that she asked were very effective and very systematic, but all I could hear from the staff were things like ‘Oh, she’s a miracle worker! Isn’t she so intuitive?’ Translation into human: ‘It’s not my responsibility to learn these skills, because they’re based on who she is, not what she does.’

Virginia understood that the map wasn’t the territory and she took that concept to a level that, to me, was a revelation. Of course, she did a whole lot of things – some of which you’ll get to learn later today – but basically what she did was, instead of interpreting what people said in a metaphorical sense, she took it literally. When someone told her things didn’t ‘look’ good, she assumed they were talking about a picture inside their head. And if they said something about the ‘sound’ of things, she knew they were referring to an internal sound. Most importantly, she understood that people needed someone who could ‘speak their language’, ‘see things their way’ or, if you prefer, ‘grasp their inner world’.

Joe was confused. What did Richard mean by this?

Now, let me give you an example that will make things clearer to you. One day Virginia is working with a couple because they are fighting so much their marriage is nearly wrecked.

‘He never does anything at home,’ the wife begins. ‘It looks as if he doesn’t even live there. I run around all day trying to make the place look decent and he just makes a mess out of it.’

And Virginia goes, ‘I see what you mean, Lucy.’

Guys, this woman keeps describing her pictures, and Virginia acknowledges this.

Then Virginia looks at the husband and goes, ‘How about you, Bob?’

Bob says, ‘She just screams all the time. It’s impossible to have a conversation with her. One minute everything’s quiet, then the next thing I know, she’s wailing about something I don’t even know about.’

The husband tends to use lots of auditory or sound words. Do you hear that?

Good. So Virginia goes, ‘I hear you, Bob. Now, Lucy, have you tried telling him these things without getting angry first?’

‘It’s impossible,’ Lucy says. ‘Look, I put the trash next to the door so that he sees it when he goes out. Will he take it out? No. Then I wait to see if he’ll take it out when he comes back. In the morning it’s still there. Then I see to it myself and when he shows up, I’m already fuming.’

‘OK,’ says Virginia, ‘let me see if I can give him a clearer picture. Bob, you heard your wife out. What’s your story?’

‘It’s like I told you, like she’s tuned me out or something. How am I supposed to know what’s going on if she doesn’t talk to me? It’s not that I enjoy the regular screaming and shouting.’

After a brief negotiation, always matching her words to those of the person she’s addressing, Virginia gets Lucy to agree to try telling Bob what he’s supposed to see. In exchange, Lucy gets her way on another hot issue.

‘He tells me he loves me all the time,’ Lucy goes, ‘but he never shows it to me.’

‘How would you want him to show it to you?’ Virginia enquires.

‘I’d want him to notice if I put on some nice clothes or did my hair. I’d love it if he came home with flowers.’

‘I see,’ says Virginia. ‘Let me show you something, but you need to picture the words as well.’

This is Virginia’s way of overlapping Lucy’s visual experience with her ability to talk and listen. This is what made her the genius she was.

Then she turns to Bob and translates Lucy’s experience into something that he can understand: ‘Now, you listen to me. Are you aware that when your wife puts on a new dress and you don’t look at her, it’s as if you told her in the sweetest voice how much you loved her and she turned a deaf ear to you?’

‘Well,’ Bob retorts, ‘that’s exactly what she does.’

‘That’s because she needs you to tell her that you see her, that you watch her, that you pay attention to how she looks. Do you hear me on this?’

‘Loud and clear.’ Then to his wife: ‘It’s when I look at you and see how beautiful you are that I feel like telling you how much I love you. I just didn’t realize that needed to be said out loud. I’m sorry.’

A smile crossed Joe’s face. His girlfriend talked an awful lot about how she saw their relationship, whereas he preferred to discuss things. ‘Wow, this is something that could really prove useful in strengthening our relationship,’ Joe said to himself, his inner voice suddenly more confident.

Richard, too, had found it useful:

So, in the first books we set out to design patterns that everybody would be able to learn. Everybody could learn to listen to what Virginia did and to ask the same questions as she did. In fact, you will learn more about it this afternoon. Is that correct, Alan?

All heads turned. At the back of the room, Alan nodded with a knowing smile.

Now, back in the Santa Cruz Mountains, one of my neighbours was an Englishman named Gregory Bateson.

A brilliant man, very much of an intellectual, very well known, Gregory had read my first book – actually he had found it so interesting that he had ended up writing the introduction – and one day he said to me, ‘Richard, there’s something you need to do!’

‘What is it, Gregory?’

‘You have to go to Arizona and meet Milton H. Erickson.’

‘Who’s Milton Erickson?’

‘Oh, he’s a medical doctor and a very famous therapist! I’ve sent people over to see what he’s doing and no one has even remembered being there.’

‘Cool! That’s something I might like!’

So we shot down to Arizona to meet with this guy who was considered – with every reason – to be one of the greatest therapists alive. We watched Milton work with clients, and when we got back, we wrote a book explaining how he used language.

See, Milton stood out for me for three reasons. First, he was the one to theorize that the unconscious was always listening and that you could communicate at different levels of understanding even in what appeared to be a regular conversation.

Second, Milton realized that feelings were contagious. That means if you want someone to feel good, you have to begin by going into a wonderful state yourself.

Last, what was really admirable about Milton was that no matter how crazy somebody was, he never looked at being ‘crazy’ as something for which you should be incarcerated forever, and he never looked at drugs as being the answer to making stupid decisions.

Milton and Virginia never gave up on people. When Virginia started working with somebody, she didn’t stop until they changed. Period. It didn’t matter to her if it took one hour or 25 – when she got it into her mind that someone could change, she would simply never stop. Milton was very much the same, and I got that from them. That kind of relentless determination is absolutely necessary to be effective at what we do.

Now, what NLP is all about is the promotion of what I like to call personal freedom. It means your ability to choose how you handle your brain, your behaviour and your life. But before we dive into this, let’s take a ten-minute break.

Joe took the chance to get a coffee, then returned to his seat and resumed his conversation with Edgar.

‘So, you were telling me about Alan …’

‘Oh, yes. I’ve found him to be an exceptional trainer. He’s like the Obi-Wan Kenobi of NLP. The force is strong with him. LOL.’

He actually said the letters ‘L O L’ out loud! Joe couldn’t believe it. It was all he could do not to cringe.

Oblivious, Edgar continued, ‘Right from the start he gave me the feeling that he knew what he was talking about and, most importantly, he knew how to get it across. It’s as though he always knows exactly where the audience is and how to capture their attention: giving an extra example at the right time, cracking a joke here and there, showing how the different ideas and techniques work together to create a seamless process.’ Edgar put on a squeaky high voice to sound like Yoda from Star Wars and added, ‘How to use the good side of the force, understand he does.’

Joe couldn’t help laughing. Edgar was actually funny – in his own, very unique way.

‘I never had the pleasure of seeing him onstage,’ he replied, ‘but I can relate to what you’re saying. Having someone like him as one of the assistants on the previous course really made a difference. He helped me to clear my doubts whenever I had them.’

It was then that Joe noticed, out of the corner of his eye, that Emily seemed to be pretty down. Her mother had gone out for a moment and she was just sitting motionless in her seat, her right hand cupped over her eyes. Just as Joe was about to excuse himself and see if she was OK, Teresa returned to her seat. Immediately Emily plastered a huge smile on her face.

It was none of Joe’s business, but he wanted to find out what was up with Emily. He vowed to keep an eye on her.