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There’s a time and a place for quoting numbers to several decimal places, but dressage, and other sports in which the marking is subjective, isn’t one of them.

By using this scoring system, the judges were leaving us to assume that we were witnessing scoring of a precision equivalent to measuring a bookshelf to the nearest millimetre. Yet the tool they were using to measure that metaphorical bookshelf was a ruler that measured in 10-centimetre intervals. And it was worse than that, because it’s almost as if the judges each had different rulers and, on another day, that very same performance might have scored anywhere between, say, 89% and 92%. It was a score with potential for a lot of variability – more of which in the next section.

All of this reveals an important principle when looking at statistical measurements of any type. In the same way that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, a statistic is only as reliable as its most unreliable component. That dinosaur skeleton’s age of 69 million years and 22 days was made up of two components: one was accurate to the nearest million years, the other to the nearest day. Needless to say, the 22 days are irrelevant.