Читать книгу The Anatomy of Melancholy: Philosophy Classic - Robert Burton - Страница 11

Table of Contents

In diseases, consider Sect. 1. Memb. 1.

Their Causes. Subs. 1.

Impulsive;

Sin, concupiscence, &c.

Instrumental;

Intemperance, all second causes, &c.

Or Definition, Member, Division. Subs. 2.

Of the body 300, which are

Epidemical, as Plague, Plica, &c.

Or Particular as Gout, Dropsy, &c.

Or Of the head or mind. Subs. 3. In disposition; as all perturbations, evil affection, &c. Or Habits, as Subs. 4. Dotage Frenzy. Madness. Ecstasy. Lycanthropia. Chorus sancti Viti. Hydrophobia. Possession or obsession of Devils. Melancholy. See [Symbol: Aries].

[Symbol: Aries] Melancholy: in which consider

Its Equivocations, in Disposition, Improper, &c. Subsect. 5.

Memb. 2. To its explication, a digression of anatomy, in which observe parts of Subs. 1. Body hath parts Subs. 2. contained as Humours, 4. Blood, Phlegm, &c. Spirits; vital, natural, animal.

or containing

Similar; spermatical, or flesh, bones, nerves, &c. Subs. 3. Dissimilar; brain, heart, liver, &c. Subs. 4.

Soul and its faculties, as

Vegetal. Subs. 5. Sensible. Subs. 6, 7, 8. Rational. Subsect. 9, 10, 11.

Memb. 3. Its definition, name, difference, Subs. 1. The part and parties affected, affection, &c. Subs. 2. The matter of melancholy, natural, &c. Subs. 3. Species, or kinds [Subs. 4.], which are Proper to parts, as Of the head alone, hypochondriacal, or windy melancholy. Of the whole body. with their several causes, symptoms, prognostics, cures

Or Indefinite; as Love-melancholy, the subject of the third

Partition.

Its Causes in general. Sect. 2. A. Its Symptoms or signs. Sect. 3. B. Its Prognostics or indications. Sect. 4. C. Its Cures; the subject of the second Partition.

A. Sect. 2. Causes of Melancholy are either

General, as Memb. 1.

Supernatural

As from God immediately, or by second causes. Subs. 1.

Or from the devil immediately, with a digression of the nature of

spirits and devils. Subs. 2.

Or mediately, by magicians, witches. Subs. 3.

Or Natural

Primary, as stars, proved by aphorisms, signs from physiognomy, metoposcopy, chiromancy. Subs. 4.

Or Secondary, as

Congenite, inward from

Old age, temperament, Subs. 5. Parents, it being an hereditary disease, Subs. 6.

Or Outward or adventitious, which are

Evident, outward, remote, adventitious, as,

Necessary, see [Symbol: Taurus].

Not necessary, as M. 4. S. 2. Nurses, Subs. 1. Education, Subs. 2. Terrors, affrights, Subs. 3. Scoffs, calumnies, bitter jests, Subs. 4. Loss of liberty, servitude, imprisonment, Subs. 5. Poverty and want, _Subs. 6. A heap of other accidents, death of friends, loss, &c. Subs. 7.

Or Contingent, inward, antecedent, nearest. Memb. 5. Sect. 2.

In which the body works on the mind, and this malady

is caused by precedent diseases; as agues, pox,

&c., or temperature, innate Subs. 1.

Or by particular parts distempered, as brain, heart,

spleen, liver, mesentery, pylorus, stomach &c.

Subs. 2.

Particular to the three species. See [Symbol: Gemini].

[Symbol: Gemini] Particular causes. Sect. 2. Memb. 5.

Of head Melancholy are Subs. 3.

Inward

Innate humour, or from temperature adjust.

A hot brain, corrupted blood in the brain

Excess of venery, or defect

Agues, or some precedent disease

Fumes arising from the stomach, &c.

Or Outward

Heat of the sun, immoderate

A blow on the head

Overmuch use of hot wines, spices, garlic, onions, hot baths,

overmuch waking, &c.

Idleness, solitariness, or overmuch study, vehement labour, &c.

Passions, perturbations, &c.

Of hypochondriacal or windy melancholy are, [Subs. 4.]

Inward

Default of spleen, belly, bowels, stomach, mesentery, miseraic

veins, liver, &c.

Months or hemorrhoids stopped, or any other ordinary evacuation

or Outward

Those six non-natural things abused.

Over all the body are, Subs. 5.

Inward

Liver distempered, stopped, over-hot, apt to engender melancholy,

temperature innate.

or Outward

Bad diet, suppression of hemorrhoids &c. and such evacuations,

passions, cares, &c. those six non-natural things abused.

[Symbol: Taurus] Necessary causes, as those six non-natural things, which are, Sect. 2 Memb. 2.

Diet offending in Subs. 1.

Substance

Bread; course and black, &c.

Drink; thick, thin, sour, &c.

Water unclean, milk, oil, vinegar, wine, spices &c.

Flesh

Parts: heads, feet, entrails, fat, bacon, blood, &c.

Kinds:

Beef, pork, venison, hares, goats, pigeons, peacocks,

fen-fowl, &c.

Herbs, Fish, &c.

Of fish; all shellfish, hard and slimy fish, &c.

Of herbs; pulse, cabbage, melons, garlic, onions, &c.

All roots, raw fruits, hard and windy meats

Quality, as in

Preparing, dressing, sharp sauces, salt meats, indurate, soused,

fried, broiled or made-dishes, &c.

Quantity

Disorder in eating, immoderate eating, or at unseasonable times,

&c. Subs. 2 Custom; delight, appetite, altered, &c. Subs. 3.

Retention and evacuation, Subs. 4. Costiveness, hot baths, sweating, issues stopped, Venus in excess, or in defect, phlebotomy, purging, &c.

Air; hot, cold, tempestuous, dark, thick, foggy, moorish, &c. Subs. 5.

Exercise, Subs. 6. Unseasonable, excessive, or defective, of body or mind, solitariness, idleness, a life out of action, &c.

Sleep and waking, unseasonable, inordinate, overmuch, overlittle, &c.

Subs. 7.

Memb. 3. Sect. 2.

Passions and perturbations of the mind, Subs. 1. With a digression of the force of imagination. Subs. 2. and division of passions into Subs. 3.

Irascible,

Sorrow, cause and symptom, Subs. 4. Fear, cause and symptom, Subs. 5. Shame, repulse, disgrace, &c. Subs. 6. Envy and malice, Subs. 7. Emulation, hatred, faction, desire of revenge, Subs. 8. Anger a cause, Subs. 9. Discontents, cares, miseries, &c. Subs. 10.

or concupiscible.

Vehement desires, ambition, Subs. 11. Covetousness, [Greek: philargurian], Subs. 12. Love of pleasures, gaming in excess, &c. Subs. 13. Desire of praise, pride, vainglory, &c. Subs. 14. Love of learning, study in excess, with a digression, of the misery of scholars, and why the Muses are melancholy, Subs. 15.

B. Symptoms of melancholy are either Sect. 3.

General, as of Memb. 1.

Body, as ill digestion, crudity, wind, dry brains, hard belly, thick blood, much waking, heaviness, and palpitation of heart, leaping in many places, &c., Subs. 1.

or Mind

Common to all or most.

Fear and sorrow without a just cause, suspicion, jealousy,

discontent, solitariness, irksomeness, continual cogitations,

restless thoughts, vain imaginations, &c. Subs. 2.

Or Particular to private persons, according to Subs. 3. 4. Celestial influences, as [Symbol: Saturn] [Symbol: Jupiter] [Symbol: Mars], &c. parts of the body, heart, brain, liver, spleen, stomach, &c.

Humours

Sanguine are merry still, laughing, pleasant, meditating

on plays, women, music, &c.

Phlegmatic, slothful, dull, heavy, &c.

Choleric, furious, impatient, subject to hear and see

strange apparitions, &c.

Black, solitary, sad; they think they are bewitched,

dead, &c.

Or mixed of these four humours adust, or not adust,

infinitely varied.

Their several customs, conditions, inclinations, discipline,

&c.

Ambitious, thinks himself a king, a lord; covetous, runs on his money; lascivious on his mistress; religious, hath revelations, visions, is a prophet, or troubled in mind; a scholar on his book, &c.

Continuance of time as the humour is intended or remitted,

&c.

Pleasant at first, hardly discerned; afterwards harsh and

intolerable, if inveterate. Hence some make three

degrees,

1. Falsa cogitatio. 2. Cogitata loqui. 3. Exequi loquutum.

By fits, or continuate, as the object varies, pleasing,

or displeasing.

Simple, or as it is mixed with other diseases, apoplexies, gout, caninus appetitus, &c. so the symptoms are various.

[Symbol: Cancer] Particular symptoms to the three distinct species. Sect. 3. Memb. 2.

Head melancholy. Subs. 1.

In body

Headache, binding and heaviness, vertigo, lightness, singing of

the ears, much waking, fixed eyes, high colour, red eyes, hard

belly, dry body; no great sign of melancholy in the other parts.

Or In mind.

Continual fear, sorrow, suspicion, discontent, superfluous cares,

solicitude, anxiety, perpetual cogitation of such toys they are

possessed with, thoughts like dreams, &c.

Hypochondriacal, or windy melancholy. Subs. 2.

In body

Wind, rumbling in the guts, bellyache, heat in the bowels,

convulsions, crudities, short wind, sour and sharp belchings,

cold sweat, pain in the left side, suffocation, palpitation,

heaviness of the heart, singing in the ears, much spittle, and

moist, &c.

Or In mind.

Fearful, sad, suspicious, discontent, anxiety, &c. Lascivious by

reason of much wind, troublesome dreams, affected by fits, &c.

Over all the body. Subs. 3.

In body

Black, most part lean, broad veins, gross, thick blood, their

hemorrhoids commonly stopped, &c.

Or In mind.

Fearful, sad, solitary, hate light, averse from company, fearful

dreams, &c.

Symptoms of nuns, maids, and widows melancholy, in body and mind, &c.

[Subs. 4]

A reason of these symptoms. Memb. 3.

Why they are so fearful, sad, suspicious without a cause, why solitary, why melancholy men are witty, why they suppose they hear and see strange voices, visions, apparitions.

Why they prophesy, and speak strange languages; whence comes their crudity, rumbling, convulsions, cold sweat, heaviness of heart, palpitation, cardiaca, fearful dreams, much waking, prodigious fantasies.

C. Prognostics of melancholy. Sect. 4.

Tending to good, as

Morphew, scabs, itch, breaking out, &c.

Black jaundice.

If the hemorrhoids voluntarily open.

If varices appear.

Tending to evil, as

Leanness, dryness, hollow-eyed, &c.

Inveterate melancholy is incurable.

If cold, it degenerates often into epilepsy, apoplexy, dotage, or

into blindness.

If hot, into madness, despair, and violent death.

Corollaries and questions.

The grievousness of this above all other diseases.

The diseases of the mind are more grievous than those of the body.

Whether it be lawful, in this case of melancholy, for a man to offer

violence to himself. Neg. How a melancholy or mad man offering violence to himself, is to be censured.