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1 1 This quotation is from a Feynman lecture at Cornell in 1964. A select portion of the lecture can be viewed at https://youtu.be/OL6‐x0modwY. A lengthier quote is given in Pomeroy (2012).

2 2 Rather than divide a complex number into real and imaginary parts, shall we describe it as revealed and concealed parts? Our reasoning is that both parts of a complex number have reality in our universe. For example, in dynamic systems, the revealed part corresponds to position and the concealed part corresponds to velocity. Is velocity just as real as location? Of course. We, you and us, can see the location of a car relative to its surroundings. The speed (scalar) is revealed to us via the speedometer. The change of velocity is revealed to us via our inner ear. For deeper insight, Roger Penrose has provided a most compelling motivation for complex numbers in his book Road to Reality (2005, chapters 1 through 14).

3 3 The superiority of the cooking profile trajectory is such that I (RH) witnessed a 50-person block of Asian tourists who each traveled to Japan primarily to buy a rice cooker to bring home to their country. There was insufficient room in the overhead compartments for all the rice cookers, so the flight departure was delayed 40 minutes as all the cookers were relocated to the checked-baggage compartment.

4 4 Dr. Loyd Withrow, GM Research Labs, ca. 1953. Personal communication.

5 5 Thank you to Dr. Ioannidis for permission to include the lists from his articles.

6 6 Penrose trained Stephen Hawking; together they wrote a number of landmark articles on the nature of the universe. Penrose's book Road to Reality (2005) highlights the math that underlies various areas of physics. His presentation of the reality and necessity of complex numbers is the best I've (RH) read.