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APA Ethics Code:A common set of principles and standards upon which psychologists build their professional and scientific work; other professions (e.g., school psychologists, social workers) have similar ethics codesAssent:Agreement to participate in treatment or research provided by a person who is unable to give consent because of his or her age or cognitive abilityCategorical classification:Diagnostic approach in which disorders are divided into mutually exclusive groups based on sets of essential criteriaComorbidity:The presentation of two or more disorders in the same person at the same timeCompetence:The education, training, and professional experience mental health professionals use to deliver evidence-based services; professionals must practice within its boundariesConfidentiality:The expectation that information that children and families provide during the course of treatment will not be disclosed to others without their consentConsent:A person’s informed and free decision to participate in treatmentCulture:Values, knowledge, and practices that people derive from membership in social groupsDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5):A compendium of mental disorders and diagnostic criteria adopted by the American Psychiatric Association and used by most mental health professionals in the United StatesDiagnostic specifier:A label that describes a relatively homogeneous subgroup of individuals with a given disorderDimensional classification:Diagnostic approach in which the severity of the individual’s distress and/or impairment is described on a continuumEthical principles:Broad ideals or aspirational goals for the professional practice of psychologyEthical standards:Specific rules that guide professional practice in psychologyEthics:Principles and standards of a profession that ensure high-quality care and protect the rights and dignity of othersEthnicity:A culturally constructed identity that is used to define groups of people and communities; it can be rooted in a common history, geographic location, language, religion, or shared experience that distinguishes that person or group from othersEvidence-based practice:The integration of empirical research with clinical expertise to help children and families in the context of their characteristics, culture, and preferencesEvidence-based treatments:Psychotherapies and medications that have been shown in well-designed research studies to reduce children’s symptoms and improve their functioningHarmful dysfunction:A definition of abnormal behavior characterized by (1) a failure of some internal mechanism to perform a function for which it was naturally selected and (2) the failure causes harmIncidence:The percentage of new cases of a disorder in a discrete period of time, usually 1 yearMental disorder:“A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning” (DSM-5)Multiple relationship:Occurs when a therapist, who is in a professional role with a client, enters into another relationship with the same individual or a person closely associated with that individual; it can impair the objectivity and quality of carePrevalence:The percentage of individuals in a given population who have a medical or psychological conditionPrototypical classification:Diagnostic approach that is based on the degree to which the individual’s signs and symptoms map onto the ideal picture of the disorderPsychotropic medications:Prescription drugs used to treat psychological disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and schizophreniaRace:A culturally constructed category that can be used to divide people into groups based on superficial physical traitsResearch Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative:A program supported by NIMH to create a new system of classifying mental disorders based on underlying genetic and biological causesSign:An observable feature of a disorder (e.g., hyperactivity, sluggish movement)Socioeconomic status (SES):A composite variable that reflects three aspects of a child’s environment: (1) parents’ levels of education, (2) parents’ employment, and (3) family incomeStigma:Negative beliefs that can lead to fear, avoidance, and discrimination by others or shame and low self-worth in oneselfSymptom:A subjective experience associated with a disorder (e.g., anxiety, depressed mood)