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Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1

A Quick Look at the History of Fencing in Italy

Foreword

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Gladiators

1.2.1 Regional Development

1.2.2 Commonalities

1.3 The Newly Kindled Spirit

1.3.1 Art and Literature

1.3.2 The City-States

1.4 With Sword and Dagger

1.4.1 Fiore dei Liberi

1.5 The Rapier and the Fencing School

1.5.1 Achille Marozzo

1.5.2 Camillo Agrippa

1.5.3 Nicoletto Giganti

1.5.4 Salvator Fabris

1.5.5 Ridolfo Capo Ferro

1.5.6 Ferdinando Alfieri

1.5.7 A Summary of the Technical Developments in Fencing, in so far as they Concern Popular Knife Fighting

1.6 The Possible Transitions from the Sword to the Knife

1.6.1 The Prohibition to Carry Weapons or Duel, and the Consequent Development of Knife Fighting

1.6.2 The Culture of the Common Folk

1.7 The Dagger and the Italian Military, the Arditi

1.8 Recapitulation

Chapter 2

The Weapons Schools of Southern Italy; a Historical and Cultural Overview

2.1 Introduction

2.2 First Cultural Influences in the Area, Legends, and First Evidence of Duels

2.2.1 The Knightly Puppet Theater

2.2.2 The Three Spanish Knights

2.2.3 The Song of the Mafia

2.2.4 Oppressed in their own Country

2.2.5 The Duel – First Evidence and Prohibitions

2.3 Possible Further Influences on the Fencing Schools of the South

2.3.1 Spain

2.3.2 Brigands

2.3.3 Criminal Syndicates:

2.3.3.1 The Camorra

2.3.3.2 The `Ndrangheta

2.3.3.3 The Mafia / Cosa Nostra

2.3.3.4 The Stidda

2.3.3.5 Sacra Corona Unita

2.3.4 The Gambling Games of the Society and Tattoos

2.4 Uomini di vita, uomini di malavita, and the bulli

2.5 The Influence of Catholicism on the Fencing Schools of Southern Italy

2.6 The tarantella, the pizzica-pizzica, and the imbrecciata

2.7 Recapitulation

Chapter 3

The Rules of the School, the Language, and the Society

3.1 Introduction

3.2 An Important Note

3.3 Pythagorean Influences

3.4 Jargon

3.4.1 Campania / Naples

3.4.2 Northern Apulia

3.4.3 Calabria

3.4.4 Sicily

3.5 Hierarchy and Graduations / Titles within the Schools or Clans

3.6 Dogmas

3.6.1 Overview

3.6.2 San Michele Archangelo, Saint Michael the Archangel

3.7 The Rules of Favella or even the Codici Sociali

3.7.1 Codice Sociale dei Aspromonte – the Social Rules of Calabria

3.7.2 Other Rules and Poetry; the Old Rules of Naples

3.8 Correspondence and Non-Verbal Communication

3.9 An “Actual” Case

3.10 Recapitulation

Chapter 4

The Two Paths: Dueling With and Without Conventions

First, a Personal Remark

4.1 Impressions of a Duel

4.2 A Definition

4.2.1 Appicceco

4.2.2 Raggiunamento

4.2.3 Questione

4.3 Examples of Classic Confrontations with the Knife

4.4 The One Great Commonality

4.5 Cultural, Technical, and Tactical Peculiarities – Schools of the Hall

4.6 Cultural, Technical, and Tactical Peculiarities – Systems of Defense

4.7 Recapitulation

Chapter 5

Schools of the Hall or Duel: Regional Developments in Apulia

5.1 Introduction

5.2 According to the Rules of the School: the Secret Knife Schools in Apulia

5.2.1 Regional Allocation

5.3 The Knife Tradition from Manfredonia, or the School of the Knights of Humility

5.3.1 Overview

5.3.2 La Scuola, the School

5.3.2.1 Curriculum

5.3.2.2 Gymnastics

5.3.2.3 Didactics – the Way of the Forms

5.3.2.4 Didactics – the Way of the Figures

5.3.2.5 Didactics – the Way of the Thrusts

5.3.2.6 The Tirata – the Free Fight or the Challenge

5.3.3 Regole di Scuola - the (Technical) Rules of the School

5.3.3.1 Saluto

5.3.3.2 Giro / Girata

5.3.3.3 Chiamata

5.3.3.4 Uscita con sparata di colpo

5.3.3.5 Mezzzo ponte

5.3.3.6 Parata chiusa

5.3.3.7 Schiacciamento / Schiacciata

5.3.3.8 Quartiatura

5.3.3.9 Mezza galeotta, mezza galeotta del mancino, galeone

5.3.3.10 Catenella

5.3.3.11 Specchietto

5.3.3.12 Chiusure

5.3.3.13 Calci

5.3.3.14 Fuori Colpo

5.3.3.15 Special Features

5.4 The Scherma Salentina: Knife Fencing from Salento

5.4.1 Introduction

5.4.2 The Interview

5.4.3 A Narrative

5.5 Recapitulation

Chapter 6

Schools of the Hall or Duel: Regional Developments in Sicily

6.1 The History of Sicily

6.2 The Numerous Secret Schools of the Knife in Sicily

6.2.1 Introduction

6.2.2 The Knife Duel in Italian Verism

6.3 The Big Five and a Hybrid - A General Overview

6.3.1 Scuola siracusana – The Knife and Stick Tradition from Syracuse

6.3.2 Scuola fiorata – The Flowery School

6.3.3 Scuola ruotata - The Circling School

6.4 The scuola ruotata - A Closer Look

6.4.1 Overview

6.4.2 The Lessons – a Brief Technical Introduction Coltello stretto

Coltello largo

Colpi d`attacco

Colpi d`assalto

Passi giranti

Quattro angoli

6.4.3. The piante – The Fighting Stances respectively Guards

6.5 Recapitulation

Chapter 7

Schools of Defense: Regional Developments in Apulia

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The System

7.2.1 The icons of the System – the Knife and the Rosary

7.2.2 The Method of the Knife with the Cord

7.2.3 Didactics

7.2.3.1 The Nominees

7.2.4 Pose, the Fencing Positions

7.2.5 First Steps: Grip Variants

7.2.6 The Mostranze

7.2.6.1 First Steps I: The Salvos

7.2.6.2 First Steps II: Spassi – the Passing By

7.2.6.3 First Steps III: The Irrational Side

7.2.7 The Knife in Conjunction with Other Objects

7.2.8 The Monsignore – The Reverend

7.2.9 The improvvisata – System-specific Sparring

7.3 Recapitulation

Chapter 8

Bastone genovese – The Genoese Stick

8.1 A General Introduction to the Methods of the North

8.2 The bastone genovese: An Introduction

8.3 The Ancient Two-Handed Stick from Genoa

8.3.1 The Nature of the Stick and a Very Rough Overview of Techniques

8.4 The Walking Stick

8.5 The Unarmed Arts of the Genoese

8.6 The Bone Crusher, desfa osse

8.7 The Knife – scherma du tagan zeneisê

8.7.1 Basic Techniques of the Knife School

8.8 Recapitulation

Chapter 9

Traditional Knives for Dueling and Defense

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Genoa and Corsica

9.2.1 Genoa

9.2.2 Corsica

9.3 Latium

9.4 Campania

9.5 Basilicata

9.6 Calabria

9.7 Sicily

9.8 Recapitulation

Acknowledgments

Vita

Images

Bibliography