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Controversy still surrounds this muscle as to whether it has one single or two separate heads and one single or two different actions. It is, however, generally regarded that the lateral pterygoid muscle has two separate parts, these being the inferior belly and the superior belly usually referred to as the superior and inferior pterygoids. The inferior pterygoid originates in the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts into a fossa in the anterior part of the head of the condyle. The superior pterygoid originates from the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and inserts into the anterior part of the capsule and intra‐articular disc. It also has a small attachment into the fossa in the anterior part of the head of the condyle (Figure 2.12).

Figure 2.12 The lateral pterygoid muscle (a) (Courtesy of Dr Paul Rea and Caroline Morris, University of Glasgow.) (b) Schematic representation illustrating the insertion of the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle (capsule cut away).