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Compiler by ROMANS ARZJANCEVS

Compiler by ROMANS ARZJANCEVS

FLORA OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

PHOTO ALBUM

2020

USED SCIENTIFIC SOURCES:

1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

2.http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view

3.http://sarkive.com/plants-and-algae

4.http://www.hear.org/species

5.https://www.whykids.org/

6.https://www.florastore.com/en/plant-guide

7. https://en-gb.bakker.com/pages

8. https://www.aerifyplants.com/

BIG ISLAND OF HAWAII

RUBUS HAWAIENSIS

– It is found on the islands of Kaua’i, Moloka’i, Maui, O’ahu, and Hawai’i in mesic to wet forest at elevations of 600—3,070 m.

– «Akala translates to «pink’ in Hawaiian, the color of «ākala berry juice. The berries were used to dye kapa. Indeed, the berries are huge, especially when compared to other members of the Rubus genus. The berries are a little bitter.

– A scrambling native vine native to Hawai’i. Related to blackberry, this «ākala is the exception to the rule «native plants don’t have thorns». It’s closer to sharp hairs than sharp thorns. And not all «ākala will have thorns, even in the same forest. It’s an unpleasant surprise when you touch an «ākala only to dig thorns out of your hand later. «Akala is somewhat deciduous, leaves are lost for a brief time in the winter.

WIKSTROEMIA SANDWICENSIS

– The species name sandwicensis refers to the «Sandwich Islands,» as the Hawaiian Islands were once called, and named by James Cook on one of his voyages in the 1770s. James Cook named the islands after John Montagu (The fourth Earl of Sandwich) for supporting Cook’s voyages.

– The fruits can be used in lei. Regarding the toxicity or lack thereof, How to Plant a Native Hawaiian Garden notes this: «In Hawaii, only the toxicity of Wikstroemia pulcherrima Skottb. has been studied extensively by Dr. Frank Tabrath. W. pulcherrima has caused mice to go to sleep. The toxicity of W. pulcherrima varies from high to zero toxicity even in the same plant at different times. Many people have eaten the berries for years without ill effects.»

– The largest species of akia, this can grow into a tree 30 feet tall, and can be hard to notice among other trees in the canopy. The young plants are distinctive with the large leaves and typical akia bark, but the mature trees have much smaller leaves and the bark usually gets covered in moss.

CANTHIUM ODORATUM

– Psydrax odorata, known as alahe’e in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It is native to the Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia.

– The species range from 1.8—9.1 m in height, has a spread of 0.91—2.13 m, and a trunk width of up to 4 in (10 cm). The leaves are glossy green in colour, are up to 89 mm long and elliptic. The fruits of the plant are quite round, are black in colour and 3/8 wide.

– The fruits produce many seeds which are often attacked by the larvae of Orneodes objurgatella, a species of moth.

– Native Hawaiians used the very hard wood of alahe’e to make ko’i alahe’e (adzes for cutting softer woods such as Erythrina sandwicensis), «ō'ō (digging sticks), and «o (short spears). A black dye was made from the leaves.

PIPER METHYSTICUM

– Kava kava is a much-branched shrub growing up to 4 metres tall. The plant produces several stems 1 – 3cm in diameter from a large, thick, woody rhizome The plant is a herb with major ritual and cultural significance in the Pacific Islands where it is widely used in social ceremonies and as a means of communicating with the Gods Often harvested from the wild, it is also cultivated, especially in home gardens in the Pacific. The plant is commonly sold in local markets, and is also exported to Europe, America etc where it is used medicinally.

– The roots and stems are the source of a stimulating alkaloidal beverage called kawa that is widely consumed in some Polynesian Islands. It has a calming effect whilst also promoting mental clarity. The roots can weigh up to 7 kilos. To prepare the beverage, the plant parts are pulverized by grinding or mastication, suspended in water and then sieved to remove the residue. The resulting milky-brown liquid is the beverage.

– In Fiji, convulsions and stiffness in children are treated with liquid pressed from the leaves. The leaves are chewed as a treatment for bronchitis. Externally, the leaves are rubbed onto centipede bites, insect stings and stings from poisonous fish. The branches are used in a remedy for sore throats. An infusion of the leaves is spread onto a certain type of inflammation and is used to treat watery vaginal discharges.

MAUI

MAUI PLUMERIA

– Plumeria are not native to Hawaii. They were brought here in 1860 by a German botanist. The exotic, introduced flower thrived in Hawaii’s warm climate and volcanic soil, giving rise to the plethora of wonderful varieties born in Hawaii: the magnificent Royal Hawaiian, the deep crimson Hilo Beauty, and the sunset colored Lei Rainbow just to name a few.

– Few flowers hold the allure of Hawai’i more than the plumeria. The huge varieties found throughout the islands make it seem as though they originated here, but in truth they are an introduced species. First discovered in the southern forest regions of Mexico in the mid 1800’s, the plant is also known to indigenous to Central America, India, the Caribbean and Brazil.

– Plumeria have an amazing fragrance that is most intense at night as they lure moths needed to pollinate them. Interestingly enough they produce no nectar, effectively duping the pollinators to move from flower to flower in a fruitless search for nectar.

HIBISCUS

– Not many species of flowers are more associated with Hawai’i than Hibiscus. It is because most tropical flower species grown in Hawai’i are not native whereas there are 7 Hibiscus regarded as Hawaiian natives, comprised of 5 endemic and 2 indigenous. The Yellow Hawaiian Hibiscus is the state flower. These large blooms, (often 4 to 6 inches in diameter), are the only yellow native but are not commonly seen.

– While several species are endemic to the islands the borders and gardens of almost every hotel are lined with Hibiscus bushes that produce wonderful blooms almost yearround.

– The vibrant colors and alluring scents are powerfully evocative of the Island Paradise. So much so the Yellow Hawaiian Hibiscus is the Official State Flower.

HELICONIA

– These are some of the most stunning tropicals grown in Maui. Because they come in so many shapes, sizes and colors it’s sometimes hard to believe they are the same species. They like to bloom in the shadow of their own leaves which can make them a challenge to spot in dense foliage but they can be seen growing wild in the rainforests of Hana.

– Heliconia is named after Mount Helicon, the seat of the Muses, the nine goddesses of the arts and sciences in Greek mythology.

– The Heliconia’s bracts are so large and colorful that they almost hide the flowers altogether. This keeps the flower’s sweet nectar from other birds so that only specialized birds can get to it.

BIRD OF PARADISE FLOWER

– The popular Birds-of-Paradise plant bears a unique flower that resembles a brightly colored bird in flight, giving it the common name, Bird of Paradise. The Birds-of-Paradise flowers make the plant an exceptionally attractive landscape plant.

– The scientific name is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George III of England.

– Birds of Paradise symbolize freedom, beauty and magnificence.

– Birds of Paradise is the official flower of Los Angeles, California, where the majority of these flowers are grown in North America.

LANAI

ABUTILON EREMITOPETALUM

– A. eremitopetalum is currently cultivated at the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources baseyard on Maui and at National Tropical Botanical Garden. Before A. eremitopetalum ’s listing as federally endangered, progeny of those plants had been distributed to other individuals for cultivation. The Hawaii Plant Conservation Center collected seed from A. eremitopetalum in May 1990.

– About 60—70 plants were discovered in 1987 on a slope in Kahea Gulch (north fork) at elevations of between 241—320 m. In June 1989, 70 plants were observed in this same population. Eleven years later only 30 plants, some with flowers or fruit, were noted. By June 1993, all but seven had been killed by deer.

– The petals are shorter than the calyx and are bright green on the upper surface and reddish on the lower surface. The staminal column extends beyond the calyx and is white to yellow, with red style branches tipped with green stigmas. The fruit is a hairy, brown, dry, cylindrical capsule and about 0.3 in (1 cm) long. It is the only Abutilon in the Hawaiian Islands whose flowers have green petals hidden within the calyx.

PLEOMELE FERNALDII

– It can be found in dry forests at elevations of 490—670 metres. It is threatened by habitat loss. 400—1000 of these plants remain in the wild, but little recruitment has been observed in the past 10 years. The reasons for the lack of recruitment are unclear. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

– Is an erect, perennial, herbaceous plant, forming large shrubs or small trees with few dichotomous branches 6—8 m tall. The sessile linear leaves are born in dense rosettes, followed by yellow flowers in terminal pendulous racemes and globose compressed 3-lobed berry. It is cultivated as a garden and indoor ornamental plant.

– Flower: Showy yellowish-green or greenishyellow. Perianth tube 15—19 mm long subcylindrical constricted in the middle 5—7 mm in diameter. Perianth lobes 9—11 mm long. Filaments exerted, 10—11 mm long,, anthers 3.5- 4 long, pale-yellow. Ovary obovoidal green, stile 23 mm long thread-like, stigma truncate, minutely 3-lobed.

KAUNA’OA / CUSCUTA SANDWIHIANAA

– Cuscuta sandwichiana is a parasitic twining vine. The thin, leafless stems are yellow to yellow-orange. The 2,54 / 40,64 cm yellowish flowers grow in small clusters long the stems.

– Cuscuta sandwichiana is an endemic plant. It grows in coastal areas with sandy soils at elevations ranging from sea level to 297,18 metres. It parasitizes a variety of other indigenous and endemic plants on all of the main Hawaiian islands except Kaua’i and Kaho’olawe.