Читать книгу Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine - S. R. Prabhu - Страница 131
3.3.3 Aetiology/Risk Factors
ОглавлениеBacterial invasion from the pulp
Occlusal trauma from the high spots of restorations
Irritants and inflammatory mediators from the necrotic pulp
Endodontic procedures (iatrogenic)
Gingival infection