Читать книгу Digital Communications 1 - Safwan El Assad - Страница 3

1 Introduction to Part 1Figure I1.1. General structure of a digital communications system and its proble...

2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Simple communication system. For a color version of this figure, see...Figure 1.2. Modes of communication: source; recipientFigure 1.3. Type of networksFigure 1.4. Principle of communication. For a color version of this figure, see ...Figure 1.5. Digital communication system

3 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Entropy of a two-event sourceFigure 2.2. Basic transmission system based on a discrete channel. For a color v...Figure 2.3. Ambiguity on the symbol at the input when yj is receivedFigure 2.4. Uncertainty on the output when we know the inputFigure 2.5. Binary symmetric channelFigure 2.6. Variation of the capacity of a BSC according to p

4 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Classification of codes. For a color version of this figure, see www...

5 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Simplified block diagram of the communication systemFigure 4.2. Exponent of the error probabilityFigure 4.3. Error correction strategiesFigure 4.4. Hamming encoderFigure 4.5. Hamming decoderFigure 4.6. Extension of the Hamming encoderFigure 4.7. Extension of the Hamming decoderFigure 4.8. Divider circuitFigure 4.9. Divider circuit pre-multiplied by xkFigure 4.10. Efficient encoderFigure 4.11. Example of encoder operation at each clock cycleFigure 4.12. Division circuit by g(x), general caseFigure 4.13. Pre-multiplied division circuit by xk, general caseFigure 4.14. Encoder based on division circuit pre-multiplied by xkFigure 4.15. Decoder based on division circuit pre-multiplied by xkFigure 4.16. Linear feedback shift registerFigure 4.17. Linear feedback shift register encoderFigure 4.18. Linear feedback shift register decoderFigure 4.19. Block diagram of the encoderFigure 4.20. Block diagram of the decoderFigure 4.21. Coding by multiplication. For a color version of this figure, see w...Figure 4.22. State of the register at each clock cycle. For a color version of t...Figure 4.23. M-sequence generatorFigure 4.24. 4-cell M-sequence generatorFigure 4.25. Symmetric NRZ signal of the output sequence (sequence generator of ...Figure 4.26. Autocorrelation function of an M-sequenceFigure 4.27. Power spectral density of an M-sequenceFigure 4.28. Generator of Gold sequencesFigure 4.29. Sequences generator of the large Kasami setFigure 4.30. Block diagram of a stream encryption/decryption systemFigure 4.31. Internal structure of Trivium

6 Introduction to Part 2Figure I2.1. General diagram of a digital radio transmission systemFigure I2.2. General diagram of a digital radio transmission system

7 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Principle of binary to M-ary transcoding and M-ary to signal codingFigure 5.2. Diagram of encoder and decoder of the symmetrical NRZ-L codeFigure 5.3. Example of a chronogram of the symmetrical NRZ-L codeFigure 5.4. Power spectral density of the symmetrical NRZ-L on-line code. For a ...Table 5.1. Characterization of the NRZ-M code as a coding and decoding tableFigure 5.5. Block diagram of the NRZ-M coder and decoderFigure 5.6. Example of a chronogram of the symmetrical NRZ-M codeFigure 5.7. Example of the chronogram of the NRZ 4-ary on-line codeFigure 5.8. Power spectral density of the symmetrical NRZ 4-ary code. For a colo...Figure 5.9. Diagram of the binary RZ on-line code (for θ — 1/2)Figure 5.10. Example of a chronogram of the binary RZ code (for θ — 1/2)Figure 5.11. Power spectral density of the binary RZ on-line code (for θ = 1/2)....Figure 5.12. Block diagram of the encoder of the polar RZ on-line code (for θ = ...Figure 5.13. RZ polar code (for θ = 1/2)Figure 5.14. Power spectral density of the polar RZ code (for θ — 1/2). For a co...Figure 5.15. Binary biphase coder and decoder block diagram (Manchester code)Figure 5.16. Example of a biphase code chronogram (Manchester code)Figure 5.17. Power spectral density of a biphase code (Manchester code). For a c...Figure 5.18. Block diagram of the differential biphase coder and decoder (Manche...Figure 5.19. Example of a chronogram of the differential biphase code(Manchester...Figure 5.20. Block diagram of the Miller encoderFigure 5.21. Example of a chronogram of the Miller codeFigure 5.22. Power spectral density of the Miller on-line code. For a color vers...Figure 5.23. Block diagram of the bipolar RZ encoder and decoder (or AMI)Figure 5.24. Example of a chronogram of the bipolar RZ code (or AMI)Figure 5.25. Power spectral density of the bipolar RZ code (or AMI). For a color...Figure 5.26. Example of a chronogram of a CMI codeFigure 5.27. Power spectral density of the CMI on-line code. For a color version...Figure 5.28. Example of a chronogram of the HDB-3 code. For a color version of t...Figure 5.29. Power spectral density of the HDB-3 on-line codeFigure 5.30. Power spectral density of the main on-line codes presented. For a c...Figure 5.31. Generation of partial response linear codeFigure 5.32. Precoder and encoder pairFigure 5.33. Block diagram of the general structure of the partial response line...Figure 5.34. Block diagram of the general structure of the partial response prec...Figure 5.35. Combined structures of the precoder, transcoder and encoderFigure 5.36. Block diagram of the generation of a partial response linear code f...Figure 5.37. Duobinary encoder block diagramFigure 5.38. Duobinary precoderFigure 5.39. Combined structure of the precoder, transcoder and encoder of the d...Figure 5.40. Example of duobinary on-line codeFigure 5.41. Power spectral density of duobinary on-line code. For a color versi...Figure 5.42. NRZ bipolar code block diagramFigure 5.43. Combined block diagram of the precoder, transcoder, coder and wavef...Figure 5.44. Example of a coded sequence of the NRZ bipolar on-line codeFigure 5.45. Power spectral density of the NRZ bipolar on-line code. For a color...Figure 5.46. 2nd order interleaved bipolar coding structureFigure 5.47. 2nd order interleaved bipolar codeFigure 5.48. 2nd order interleaved bipolar precoderFigure 5.49. 2nd order interleaved bipolar coding chainFigure 5.50. Example of a coded sequence of the 2nd order interleaved bipolar co...Figure 5.51. Power spectral density of the 2nd order interleaved bipolar codes a...Figure 5.52. Basic signals used in biphase codes WAL1 and WAL2Figure 5.53. Power spectral densities of the two-phase codes WAL1 and WAL2. For ...Figure 5.54. Power spectral density of on-line codes presented. For a color vers...

8 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Practical chain of a digital baseband communication systemFigure 6.2. Equivalent energy bandwidth Δfe of a low-pass filter. For a color ve...Figure 6.3. Illustration of the intersymbol interference phenomenon. For a color...Figure 6.4. Characteristics of the eye diagram: case of binary symbols ak = ± 1Figure 6.5a. Examples of an eye pattern. For a color version of this figure, see...Figure 6.5b. Examples of an eye pattern (following). For a color version of this...Figure 6.6. Link with the detection theoryFigure 6.7. Sample values akp(t0) and optimal threshold values (M-ary symbols)Figure 6.8. Illustration of Nyquist temporal criterion for a null ISIFigure 6.9. Spectrum of in the case where Ds < 2BFigure 6.10. Spectrum of in the case where Ds = 2BFigure 6.11. First Nyquist frequency criterionFigure 6.12. Spectrum of Figure 6.13. Impulse response for different values of the parameter a. For a col...Figure 6.14. Modulus of the frequency response of a raised cosine filter for dif...Figure 6.15. Eye pattern (without noise), for α = 1;T = 1 s. For a colorFigure 6.16. Eye pattern (without noise), for α = 0.1; T = 1 s. For a color vers...Figure 6.17. Eye pattern (without noise), for α = 0.6; T = 1 s. For a color vers...Figure 6.18. Eye pattern (with noise), for α = 0.6 ; Em/Гbo= 15 dB; T = 1 s. For...Figure 6.19. Eye pattern 4-ary (without noise), for α = 0.6; T = 1 s. For a colo...Figure 6.20. Distribution of equalization filtering between transmitter and rece...Figure 6.21. Transmission and reception chain with partial response linear codin...Figure 6.22. Modulus normalized with respect to T × p(t₀) of the frequency respo...Figure 6.23. Example of duobinary coding and decodingFigure 6.24. Example of 2nd order interleaved bipolar coding and decodingFigure 6.25. Sample values, optimal thresholds and estimation classes

9 Chapter 7Figure 7.1(a). Schematic block diagram of a digital radio transmission systemFigure 7.1(b). Schematic block diagram of a digital radio transmission system (f...Figure 7.2. Principle of multiple access techniques: FDMA, TDMA and DS-CDMAFigure 7.3. Principle of direct sequence spread spectrum for a userFigure 7.4. Allocation in France of the OFDM spectrum in the 802.11.g standardFigure 7.5. Structure of a terrestrial link (one jump)Figure 7.6. Structure of a satellite linkFigure 7.7. Urban radio-mobile propagation: downlinkFigure 7.8. Direct and delayed propagation in the case of a terrestrial-satellit...Figure 7.9. Oscillation of |M(f)| for parameters typical of a terrestrial-satell...Figure 7.10. Harmful effects of non-linearities of power amplifiers on transmiss...Figure 7.11. Power spectral density of the modulated signalFigure 7.12. General structure of the linear digital modulator. For a color vers...Figure 7.13. Consrtuction of the spatial diagramFigure 7.14. General scheme of a digital radio transmission systemFigure 7.15. Simplified block diagram of a digital radio transmission systemFigure 7.16. Complex envelope and equivalent baseband filterFigure 7.17. Distribution of the signals on the carrier in-phase and on the carr...Figure 7.18. Construction of the complex envelope sc,e(t) from the information-b...Figure 7.19. Transition from a digital transmission with carrier modulation to a...Figure 7.20. Block diagram of the BPSK modulator and constellation diagramFigure 7.21. Block diagram of the BPSK demodulatorFigure 7.22. Output of the BPSK modulator for a binary sequence that changes alt...Figure 7.23. Minimum frequency bandwidth required for a channel to transmit wito...Figure 7.24. Block diagram of the QPSK modulatorFigure 7.25. Coding table and vectorial diagram of QPSK modulationFigure 7.26. Channels I(t) and Q(t) for a binary sequence that changes alternate...Figure 7.27. QPSK receiverFigure 7.28(a). Differential BPSK coding and decoding tableFigure 7.28(b). Associated circuits (following)Figure 7.29. Differential QPSK coding and decoding table and Karnaugh tablesFigure 7.30. Simplified equations of the differential QPSK encoder and its imple...Figure 7.31. Simplified equations of the differential QPSK decoder by Karnaugh t...Figure 7.32. Implementation scheme of the differential QPSK decoderFigure 7.33(a). Binary signal, modulating signal and phases of the OQPSK modulat...Figure 7.33(b). Constellation diagram of the OQPSK modulation (following)Figure 7.34. Gray coding tables of the 16-QAM modulationFigure 7.35. Constellation diagram of the 16-QAM modulationFigure 7.36. Block diagram of the 16-QAM modulator with differential coding base...Figure 7.37. 16-QAM modulator based on the use of two separately controlled QPSK...Figure 7.38. Different channels for a binary sequence that changes alternately b...Figure 7.39. CIR (4, 4, 4, 4) modulation. For a color version of this figure, se...Figure 7.40. 8-PSK modulator coding tablesFigure 7.41. Constellation diagram of the 8-PSK modulationFigure 7.42. Simulation of the differential 8-PSK encoder with SimulinkFigure 7.43. Simulation of the differential 8-PSK decoder with SimulinkFigure 7.44. Implementation of the differential encoder (top) and the decoder (b...Figure 7.45. Diagram of the 8-PSK transmitter including the differential encoderFigure 7.46. Diagram of the 8-PSK receiver including the differential decoderFigure 7.47. Different channels for a binary sequence that changes alternately b...