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Project management is an approach based on the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities aimed at fulfilling the expectations of the parties involved in the project.

Every project can be broken down into phases. Each phase can be further broken down into stages, and these stages into tasks. The main phases of a project are shown in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2. The main phases of a project

The initiation phase consists of defining the work to be carried out. It recalls its genesis, usefulness and end goal in answering “why” and “what”

questions. The expected completion date can be set during this phase, and an overall budget can be estimated. A set of specifications must be drawn up at this point.

– The design phase involves the actual definition of the project; it structures, organizes and plans it. Its objective is to prepare and organize the implementation of the elements laid out during the initiation phase.

– The execution phase represents the realization or implementation of the project. Each of the points laid out in the action plan is worked on during this phase, according to the set of specifications.

– The closure phase involves building on recent experience with the goal of ongoing improvement through assessment reports and rigorous documentation.