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ADVANCE PRAISE FOR
Peacebuilding in
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Phase II (1948–1967) experienced little peacebuilding activity as the Arab states and Israel erected physical and psychological walls between them, having gone through their first war in 1948. While there was some domestic Arab-Jewish rapprochement within Israel, there was no interaction between the Arab and Israeli civil societies. “Given the shock and despair of the Arab world, it would have been … an act of treason for any well-intentioned citizen to come to the Israelis with a message of peace” (Salem and Kaufman, 2006, p. 19).
In Phase III (1967–1993), intensive interactions between Israelis on one hand and Palestinians in East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip on the other developed, with some focused on various approaches to peacebuilding. As Israel consolidated its military presence and increased its settlements, particularly in East Jerusalem and the West Bank, tensions rose and reached a crescendo in the First Intifada (1987–1993). But there were also peacemaking moves between Israel and its Arab neighbors as in the Geneva Conference (1973), Camp David Accords (1978), Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty ←9 | 10→(1979), Madrid Conference (1991) and Oslo Accords (1993). These and other factors encouraged the growth of peacebuilding initiatives within both Palestine and Israel. They also engendered various peace approaches between Palestine and Israel (e.g., Track II diplomacy), with each having its own traits and stamp of approval. As Salem and Kaufman argue, peacebuilding was seen as “an oppositional activity and, in the best case, the formation of the peace camp.” In the Palestinian environment, it was “an activity that was approved from 1974 onward by the first leadership of the Palestinian people (i.e., the PLO [Palestinian Liberation Organization])” (2006, p. 25).
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