Читать книгу Chinese Phrase A Day Practice Volume 1 - Sam Brier - Страница 12
ОглавлениеSTUDYING CHINESE; WORKING
Days 32–60
你是做什么的?
Nǐ shì zuò shénme de?
What do you do?
（你是做什麼的？）
我是 学生/医生/老师。
Wǒ shì xuésheng / yīsheng / lǎoshī.
I’m a student / doctor / teacher.
（我是 學生/醫生/老師。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Lǎo is a common word which literally means “old” or “honorable.” You will hear it in words such as lǎobǎn (“boss”) and lǎowài (“foreigner”). Chinese will tell you that lǎowài is a nice way of saying “foreigner” (or “honorable outsider”), but some visitors may feel otherwise depending on how it is used. The prim and proper way of saying “foreigner” is wàiguórén.
你是游客吗?
Nǐ shì yóukè ma?
Are you a tourist?
（你是遊客嗎？）
是的。/不是。
Shì de. / Bú shì.
Yes (I am). / No (I’m not).
（是的。/不是。）
你在学什么?
Nǐ zài xué shénme?
What are you studying?
（你在學什麼？）
我在学汉语。
Wǒ zài xué Hànyǔ.
I’m studying Chinese.
（我在學漢語。）
你在哪儿学习?
Nǐ zài nǎr xuéxí?
Where are you studying?
（你在哪兒學習？）
在北京大学。
Zài Běijīng Dàxué.
At Beijing University.
（在北京大學。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
One’s own meat dishes are not as delicious as others’ vegetarian dishes.
—Chinese proverb
你来中国多长时间了?
Nǐ lái Zhōngguó duō cháng shíjiān le?
How long have you been in China?
（你來中國多長時間了？）
一天／一周／一个月／一年。
Yì tiān / yì zhōu / yì ge yuè / yì nián.
1 day / 1 week / 1 month / 1 year.
（一天／一週／一個月／一年。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
When the number 1 is used in phone numbers, addresses and other uncounted contexts, it is spoken as yāo.
你打算到哪儿过年?
Nǐ dǎsuàn dào nǎr guònián?
Where are you going for Chinese New Year?
（你打算到哪兒過年？）
我还没有决定。
Wǒ hái méiyǒu juédìng.
I haven’t decided yet.
（我還沒有決定。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Be careful!: dǎsuàn above is “to plan,” but dàsuàn is “garlic.”
你要在中国呆多长时间?
Nǐ yào zài Zhōngguó dāi duō cháng shíjiān?
How long will you be in China?
（你要在中國呆多長時間？）
两天／两周／两个月／两年。
Liǎng tiān / Liǎng zhōu / Liǎng ge yuè / Liǎng nián.
2 days / 2 weeks / 2 months / 2 years.
（兩天／兩週／兩個月／兩年。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
When saying a number of objects, the word liǎng is often used for “two.” When stating the number alone, or counting in a sequence, 2 is usually spoken as èr (which sounds a lot like the name of the letter “r”).
你为什么要学汉语?
Nǐ wèishénme yào xué Hànyǔ?
Why are you studying Chinese?
（你為什麼要學漢語？）
我有一个中国 (男)(女)朋友。
Wǒ yǒu yí ge Zhōngguó (nán)(nǚ) péngyou.
I have a Chinese (boy)(girl) friend.
（我有一個中國 (男)(女)朋友。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
Make sure to remember these two characters: 男 and 女. Nán means “man” and nǚ means “woman.” Not all Chinese toilets have English or icons; many times all you’ll see to guide you is one of these characters.
你会写汉字吗?
Nǐ huì xiě Hànzì ma?
Can you write Chinese characters?
（你會寫漢字嗎？ ）
会一点点儿。
Huì yì diǎndianr.
I can write a little.
（會一點點兒。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
It’s also common to answer questions with a simple Diǎndianr (“A little”).
我的阅读好于书写。
Wǒ de yuèdú hǎo yú shūxiě.
I can read better than I can write.
（我的閱讀好於書寫。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
In 2008 China’s Ministry of Education announced that 20 Beijing schools would have practical lessons in Beijing Opera added to their curriculum.
你会写繁体字吗?
Nǐ huì xiě fántǐzì ma?
Can you write the old characters?
（你會寫繁體字嗎？）
一点都不会。
Yì diǎn dōu búhuì.
Not at all.
（一點都不會。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
It is recommended that beginning students of Chinese review two hours at home for every one hour they spend learning in the classroom.
繁体字很难。
Fántǐzì hěn nán.
The old characters are difficult.
（繁體字很難。）
简体字很容易。
Jiǎntǐzì hěn róngyì.
The new characters are easy.
（簡體字很容易。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
There are two types of Chinese characters: Fántǐzì and Jiǎntǐzì. Jiǎntǐzì is the Simplified version used in China today; Fántǐzì (which in A Chinese Phrase A Day we show in parentheses) is the Complex or Traditional version still used regularly in Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong.
我喜欢说汉语。
Wǒ xǐhuan shuō Hànyǔ.
I like speaking Chinese.
（我喜歡說漢語。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
Rabbits do not eat the grass around their burrows.
—Chinese proverb
太好了! /不错。
Tài hǎo le! / Bú cuò.
Great! / Not bad.
（太好了！/不錯。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
China’s largest cities have hospitals, clinics and dentists that are similar to facilities in the U.S.
你在哪儿上班?
Nǐ zài nǎr shàngbān?
Where do you work?
（你在哪兒上班？）
在一家 银行/医院。
Zài yì jiā yínháng / yīyuàn.
At a bank / hospital.
（在一家 銀行/醫院。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Jiā means “home”; huíjiā means “to return home.” Be careful, though: In Chinese, it means to return to where you live (i.e. your house), not to your hometown, country, etc. To say that you’re returning to your hometown, you’d say Huí lǎojiā and to say that you’re returning to your home country, you’d say Huí guó.
你喜欢自己的工作吗?
Nǐ xǐhuan zìjǐ de gōngzuò ma?
Do you like your job?
（你喜歡自己的工作嗎？）
很喜欢。/不太喜欢。
Hěn xǐhuan. / Bú tài xǐhuan.
I like it a lot. / Not much.
（很喜歡。/不太喜歡。）
你 丈夫/妻子 是做什么的?
Nǐ zhàngfu / qīzi shì zuò shénme de?
What does your husband / wife do?
（你 丈夫/妻子 是做什麼的？）
他/她是 工程师/老师/厨师。
Tā shì gōngchéngshī / lǎoshī / chúshī.
He / She is a(n) engineer / teacher / cook.
（他/她是 工程師/老師/廚師。）
你去哪儿?
Nǐ qù nǎr?
Where are you going?
（你去哪兒？）
我去 上班/上学。
Wǒ qù shàngbān / shàngxué.
I’m going to work / school.
（我去 上班/上學。）
你想吃 小吃/零食 吗?
Nǐ xiǎng chī xiǎochī / língshí ma?
Do you want to get a snack?
（你想吃 小吃/零食 嗎？）
好的。/我没时间。
Hǎo de. / Wǒ méi shíjiān.
OK. / I don’t have time.
（好的。/我沒時間。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Xiǎochī literally means “little food.”
怎么了?
Zěnme le?
What’s wrong?
（怎麼了？）
没什么。
Méi shénme.
Nothing.
（沒什麼。）
天哪!
Tiān na!
(Exclamation; see note below.)
（天哪！）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
This exclamation phrase is used the way “Oh, heavens!” might be in English. Tiān means “sky” or “heaven.” You’ll recognize it in some Chinese places’ names, such as Tiān Tán (“The Temple of Heaven”) and Tiān Ān Mén Square (“The Gate of Heavenly Peace”).
我同意。
Wǒ tóngyì.
I agree.
（我同意。）
我不同意。
Wǒ bù tóngyì.
I disagree.
（我不同意。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
In the term for “agree,” tóng means “same”; yì means “idea.”
真的吗?
Zhēn de ma?
Really?
（真的嗎？）
真的。
Zhēn de.
Really.
（真的。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Don’t forget, zh sounds like “j” with the tongue toward the back of the roof of your mouth; j sounds like “j” with your tongue just behind your top teeth. The sound may not seem like a big deal to you, but Chinese speakers hear the difference.
不可能!
Bù kěnéng!
That’s impossible!
（不可能！）
有可能。
Yǒu kěnéng.
It’s possible. / Maybe.
（有可能。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Kě is used in many words, including Kěkǒukělè (Coca-Cola).
⋯⋯那个, 嗯, 那个, 呃⋯⋯
… nèi ge, ňg, nèi ge, è…
…Um, uh...
（⋯⋯那個，嗯，那個，呃⋯⋯）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
In China, 6 periods (......) are used to the same effect as we use 3 periods (an ellipsis) in English.
请说慢一点儿。
Qǐng shuō màn yìdiǎnr.
Please speak a little slower.
（請說慢一點兒。）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
Once on a tiger’s back, it is hard to get off.
—Chinese proverb
你能再说一遍吗?
Nǐ néng zài shuō yíbiàn ma?
Can you say it again?
（你能再說一遍嗎？）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
The electrical current in China is 220V and 50Hz AC. There are two basic plug-in connections in China: the flat, two-pin parallel like we have in the U.S., and a three-headed, slightly angular, flat connection. You can bring an adapter set with you, or just find an electronics store in China, where it will be much cheaper.
你说什么?
Nǐ shuō shénme?
What did you say?
（你說什麼？）
————————— CULTURAL NOTE —————————
Matrimony is the grave of romance.
—Chinese proverb
你有问题吗?
Nǐ yǒu wèntí ma?
Is there something wrong? / Do you have a question?
（你有問題嗎？）
有。/不, 没有。
Yǒu. / Bù, méiyǒu.
Yes. / No (I don’t).
（有。/不，沒有。）
————————— LANGUAGE NOTE —————————
Another, more polite way of asking “Do you have a problem/issue?” is 有什么问题 吗? Yǒu shénme wèntí ma?
Audio files for all of the Chinese Phrase A Day entries are available online. Listening and repeating after the native speakers will help you to polish your Chinese. Visit www.tuttlepublishing.com for the audio files.
