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The varieties of a plant are, by Botanists, designated by names intended to convey an idea of certain characteristics,—the form and consistency of the leaves, the arrangement, number, size, and color of the flowers, seed-vessels, etc. The varieties of roses, however, have so few distinct characteristics, that florists find it difficult to give any name expressive of the very slight shades of difference in the color or form of the flower. Fanciful names have therefore been chosen, indiscriminately, according to the taste of the grower; and we thus find classed, in brotherly nearness, Napoleon and Wellington, Queen Victoria and Louis Philippe, Othello and Wilberforce, with many others. Any half-dozen English or French rose growers may give the name of their favorite Wellington or Napoleon to a rose raised by each of them, and entirely different in form and color from the other five bearing the same name. Thus has arisen the great confusion in rose nomenclature.

A still greater difficulty and confusion, however, exists in the classification adopted by the various English and French rose growers. By these, classes are multiplied and roses placed in them without sufficient attention to their distinctive characters; these are subsequently changed to other classes, to the utter confusion of those who are really desirous of obtaining some knowledge of the respective varieties. Even Rivers, the most correct of them all, has in several catalogues the same rose in as many different classes, and his book may perhaps place it in another. He thus comments upon this constant change:

“Within the last ten years, how many plants have been named and unnamed, classed and re-classed!—Professor A. placing it here, and Dr. B. placing it there! I can almost imagine Dame Nature laughing in her sleeve, when our philosophers are thus puzzled. Well, so it is, in a measure, with roses; a variety has often equal claims to two classes. First impressions have perhaps placed it in one, and there rival amateurs should let it remain.”

If there exists, then, this doubt of the proper class to which many roses belong, we think it would be better to drop entirely this sub-classification, and adopt some more general heads, under one of which every rose can be classed. It may often be difficult to ascertain whether a rose is a Damask, a Provence, or a Hybrid China; but there can be no difficulty in ascertaining whether it is dwarf or climbing, whether it blooms once or more in the year, and whether the leaves are rough as in the Remontants, or smooth as in the Bengals. We have therefore endeavored to simplify the old classification, and have placed all roses under three principal heads, viz:

I. Those that make distinct and separate periods of bloom throughout the season, as the Remontant Roses.

II. Those that bloom continually, without any temporary cessation, as the Bourbon, China, etc.

III. Those that bloom only once in the season, as the French and others.

Remontants.—The first of these divisions includes only the present Damask and Hybrid Perpetuals, and for these we know no term so expressive as the French Remontant. “Perpetual” does not express their true character.

Everblooming Roses is the name we give to those included under the second general head. This is divided into five classes:

1. The Bourbon, the varieties of which are easily known by their luxuriant growth, and thick, large, leathery leaves. These are, moreover, reasonably hardy.

2. The China.—This includes the present China, Tea, and Noisette Roses, which are now much confused, as there are many among the Teas which are not tea-scented, and among the Noisettes are those which do not bloom in clusters; they are, moreover, so much alike in their growth and habit, that it is better each should stand upon its own merits, and not on the characteristics of an imaginary class.

3. Musk.—Roses of this class are known by their rather rougher foliage.

4. Macartney.—The varieties of this are distinguished by their very rich, glossy, almost evergreen foliage.

5. Microphylla.—A class easily distinguished by their peculiar foliage and straggling habit.

The third general head we divide again into five classes:

1. Garden Roses.—This includes all the present French, Provence, Hybrid Provence, Hybrid China, Hybrid Bourbon, White, and Damask Roses, many of which, under the old arrangement, differ more from others in their own class than from many in another class.

2. Moss Roses, all of which are easily distinguished.

3. Brier Roses, which will include the Sweet-Brier, Hybrid Sweet-Brier, and Austrian Brier.

4. Scotch Roses.

5. Climbing Roses; which are again divided into all the distinctive subdivisions.

In describing colors, we have given those which prevail. It is well known that many roses are very variable in this respect, and that the same flower will frequently be white or yellow, crimson or blush, at different periods of its bloom. We have seen a plant produce several flowers totally unlike each other; one being dark crimson, and the other pale blush. We therefore describe the prevailing color, and the cultivator should not be disappointed if his rose, the first season, should not correspond with the description; neither should he be disappointed if a rose which we describe as very double should with him prove very single. Transplanting will often temporarily change the character of roses, and they often refuse to develop themselves perfectly under our hot sun, or in a poor soil. A second season is thus often required to test them fairly. We have seen the fine rose, La Reine, semi-double, and worthless at midsummer, while at other seasons, and perhaps in a different location, it is fully equal to its reputation. It is frequently the case, that roses imported from Europe, under glowing descriptions, prove worthless the first season, but fully sustain their character the second. We mention these things here, in order that the amateur may be prepared for any temporary disappointment that may occur. In describing over two hundred choice varieties, we have endeavored to select those whose character is well established for superior and distinct qualities, and above all, for vigorous growth. Any variety whose growth is uniformly weak has been at once rejected, notwithstanding its great beauty of flower. Thus many fine roses, like Gloire de Santenay, are thrown aside. There are many equally good that have been necessarily omitted, and there are also new varieties we have recently received from Europe, which may prove superior to many we have named.

From this list, the rose amateur may feel safe in selecting, without incurring the risk of obtaining inferior varieties.

ROSES THAT BLOOM DURING THE WHOLE SEASON.

REMONTANT ROSES.

The term Remontant—signifying, literally, to grow again—we have chosen to designate this class of roses, there being no word in our own language equally expressive. They were formerly called Damask and Hybrid Perpetuals, but are distinguished from the true Perpetual or Everblooming Roses by their peculiarity of distinct and separate periods of bloom. They bloom with the other roses in early summer, then cease for a while, then make a fresh season of bloom, and thus through the summer and autumn, differing entirely from the Bourbon and Bengal Roses, which grow and bloom continually through the summer. In order, therefore, to avoid confusion, we have deemed it best to adopt the French term, Remontant.

Fig. 1.—REMONTANT ROSE.

These roses have generally been obtained by hybridization between the Hybrid China and Damask, and the Bourbon and China Roses, uniting the luxuriant growth and hardy character of the former two with the ever-blooming qualities of the latter. They are generally large, double, very fragrant, and bloom, some of them, freely throughout the season. They are also perfectly hardy, and grow well in any climate without protection. These qualities render them very desirable, and they are fast driving out of cultivation the Garden Roses, which bloom but once, and during the rest of the season cumber the ground. There are, it is true, among the latter, some varieties, like Madame Plantier, Chénédole, Persian Yellow, and others, that are not equaled by any varieties existing among the Remontants. Such, however, is the skill now exerted by rose growers, that this will not long be the case, and we may hope soon to have among the Remontants, roses of every shade of color, with the snow-like whiteness of Madame Plantier, the golden richness of Persian Yellow, or the peculiar brilliancy of Chénédole.

Abel Grand.—Rosy blush, fragrant, large and full, fresh and glossy.

American Beauty.—Rose pink; very large and fragrant; very free in blooming, and exceedingly valuable for forcing; free bloomer in autumn.

Alfred Colomb.—Not new, but little known at the time of the former list. Large; brilliant crimson; fine form, and very fragrant. A seedling of the popular Gen. Jacqueminot, and one of the best.

Anne de Diesbach.—Has been several years in cultivation and found to be desirable. Large, full, fine shape; clear, bright carmine; fragrant, and very hardy.

Annie Wood.—Clear red; large and full, excellent form; a good bloomer in autumn.

Antoine Mouton.—Medium size, full; lively rose, tinged with lilac; very fragrant; plant vigorous.

Auguste Mie.—A seedling of the well-known La Reine. A vigorous grower. Its color is a light pink, not so dark as La Reine, which it resembles in form.

Baron de Bonstettin.—Red and dark crimson; large, full and of vigorous growth.

Baroness Rothschild (also Madame de Rothschild).—One of the largest roses; fine form; pink, shaded with rose; exceedingly hardy, and a free bloomer.

Baronne Prevost.—One of the very best of its class, blooming freely in autumn, and producing fragrant flowers of a bright rose color. It is also of luxuriant growth, and large, rich foliage.

Beauty of Waltham.—Large, full, of fine form; light rosy crimson; free bloomer.

Boieldieu.—Very large and full; fine cherry red, of the style of Baronne Prevost; plant vigorous.

Boule de Neige.—Pure white; moderate size, fine form, and free bloomer.

Captain Christy.—Delicate flesh color, deeper in the center; large, full, and with fine foliage.

Caroline de Sansal.—A vigorous plant, with a large and full flower, the color of which is clear flesh, with blush edges. It is one of the best of its color.

Charles Lefebvre.—A strong grower, and one of the finest of its class. Its color is a bright, changeable crimson, inclining to a purple shade in the center. Its form is cupped and regular.

Comtesse de Serenye.—Flowers flesh color, inclining to salmon in the bud; large, full, and globular; of greatest beauty when grown under glass.

Coquette des Alpes.—White, tinged with rose; free bloomer; size, medium to large; a valuable sort.

Elise Boelle.—White, slightly tinged with rose, changing to pure white; medium size, fine form, and full.

Eugene Verdier.—Large; silvery-pink, tinged with fawn color; bud very fine; dwarfish habit; seedling of Victor Verdier.

E. Y. Teas.—Large, fine globular form; carmine-crimson; highly fragrant; excellent.

Fisher Holmes.—Large and full; magnificent scarlet shaded with crimson; free grower and bloomer. It has been described as an improved Gen. Jacqueminot.

Francois Michelon.—Deep rose, the reverse of the petals silvery; large, full, and of globular form; one of the best.

General Jacqueminot.—A strong grower, and when in bud, one of the most beautiful of roses. Its open flower, not being perfectly double, is surpassed by others. Its color is a scarlet crimson, with a soft velvety sheen, and a few thousand of them in full bloom is a sight to be remembered. A basket of buds freshly cut in the morning is sure to be appreciated.

General Washington.—One of the finest of its class. It is a good grower, very full bloomer, and a general favorite. Its color is a bright red.

John Hopper.—Large, and finely shaped. Its color is rosy crimson.

Jules Margottin.—One of the finest Remontant Roses. Its growth is vigorous, its bloom is abundant, and its color is a clear pink crimson. It is particularly fine when in bud.

La France.—An invaluable rose for its hardiness, and its constant blooming qualities. Its color is pale peach, with rosy center; its form is globular, full, and very large.

La Reine.—When our first edition was issued, this variety was unequalled. Others have now surpassed it. It is, however, still valuable for its glossy rose color, and its large, full, semi-globular form.

Louis Van Houtte.—Has a large and double globular flower. Its color is bright shaded rosy carmine.

Louise Carique.—One of the most valuable Remontants. Its color is a fine rosy carmine, its form is full, and it grows well and blooms abundantly through the summer. For general purposes, it has scarcely a superior.

Magna Charta.—Bright pink, suffused with carmine; very large, full, of good form; habit erect; flowers produced in abundance.

Mabel Morrison.—A sport of Baroness Rothschild, and like it in nearly all respects, save color, which is a pure dead white, but in autumn flushed with delicate pink.

Madame Gabriel Luizet.—Pale pink, a very delicate and beautiful tint of color; large and full, cupped; very sweet.

Madame Victor Verdier.—Large, full, globular; carmine-rose; fragrant; free bloomer, and though not new, excellent.

Marguerite de St. Amande.—Medium growth; beautiful in the bud; bright rose; free, especially in autumn. Much used by those who force roses.

Marie Baumann.—Large and full, excellent form; deep carmine; very fragrant; remarkably free, and classed by all among the best.

Marquise de Castellano.—Beautiful bright rose; very large and full, form perfect; blooms freely; one of the best.

Marquise de Mortemarte.—A seedling of Jules Margottin; blush color, and well formed.

Marshall P. Wilder.—Cherry carmine; large, semi-globular, full, and well formed. An American variety, with vigor, hardiness, and freedom in blooming.

Maurice Bernardin.—A good grower, with full, fine form, and bright cherry crimson color. One of the best.

Merveille de Lyon.—Pure white, sometimes washed with satin-rose; very large, full, and cupped. A very fine new white Rose.

Paul Neyron.—Very large, and perhaps the largest yet produced; deep rose; somewhat fragrant; very free bloomer.

Pierre Notting.—Very large, fine globular form; very deep crimson, with a violet shade; highly fragrant; free and one of the most valued among the dark roses.

Pæonia.—Large to very large, full; red; fragrant; old, but valued for its fine foliage, and free flowering.

Pride of Waltham.—A delicate flesh color, richly shaded with bright rose, very clear and distinct.

Prince Camille de Rohan.—Large and full. Its color is a velvety deep crimson maroon, clouded with red. One of the finest.

Queen of Queens.—Pink, with blush edges; large and full, of perfect form; and a true perpetual flowering rose, every shoot being crowned with a flower bud.

Rev. J. B. M. Camm.—Carmine rose; large, semi-globular; fragrant, and free blooming; superb.

Paul’s Single Crimson and Single White.—Most charming roses, and worthy of attention.

Thomas Mills.—Very bright rosy carmine; large and full.

Victor Verdier.—Rosy carmine; a large, showy, free growing rose; good quality, and very effective.

White Baroness.—A white sport from Baroness Rothschild; flowers large and full.

REMONTANT SCOTCH.

Stanwell.—Of Scotch parentage, and has the peculiar foliage and habit of the Scotch roses. Its flowers are large, blush colored, and rather flat. It is an abundant and constant bloomer throughout the season, and its peculiar, delightful fragrance renders it very desirable.

REMONTANT MOSS.

Blanche Moreau.—Large, full, perfect form; pure white; buds and flowers produced in clusters and freely furnished with deep green moss.

Eugene de Savoie.—Of vigorous growth, with a large and full flower. It is an abundant bloomer, and very fragrant. Its color is a bright red.

Madame Edouard Ory.—A good autumn bloomer. It is globular, finely formed, and of a rich rose color.

Madame William Paul.—Very bright rose; large, full, and of finely cupped form; flowers freely. One of the best perpetual moss roses yet introduced.

Mousseline.—White, lightly tinted with rose at opening, but changing to pure white; large and full; very free and a continuous bloomer.

Perpetual White.—A vigorous grower, double, and blooms in clusters.

Salet.—A good autumnal bloomer, and a good grower. Its color is bright pink, changing to rose.

Soupert and Notting.—Very large, full, and globular; bright rose color; while not so “mossy” as some others, its ever-blooming character and most exquisite fragrance give it a place in the first rank of its class.

BOURBON ROSES.

This class does not possess the hardiness of the Remontants, nor the free blooming properties of the Bengals, Teas, and Noisettes, and therefore can never compete with the former for the North, nor with the latter for the South. In it, however, are varieties like Hermosa, Souvenir de Malmaison, and others, which are scarcely surpassed in any class. The Bourbon Rose has also qualities which make many varieties favorites. These qualities are its greater hardiness than the Tea Rose, its very thick, leathery foliage, its luxuriant growth, its more constant bloom than the Remontants, and its thick, velvety petals, of a consistency to endure the summer’s sun.

Fig. 2.—BOURBON ROSE.

It was introduced into France by Jacques, head gardener of the Duke of Orleans, at Neuilly, who received it in 1819 from Bréon, director of the Royal gardens in the Isle of Bourbon. The following account of its origin is given by Bréon, and is also mentioned by Rivers:

“At the Isle of Bourbon, the inhabitants generally inclose their land with hedges made of two rows of roses; one row of the common China Rose, the other of the Red Four Seasons. M. Perichon, a planter in the island, found in one of these hedges a young plant, differing very much from the others in its shoots and foliage. This he transplanted into his garden. It flowered the following year, and proved to be of a new race, and very different from the above two roses, which at that time were the only varieties known in the island.”

Its resemblance to the Bengal Rose was, however, so strong, that it was soon considered a variety of that species. Its characteristics are, however, so entirely different from the Bengal, that we give it a separate place in our garden classification. To the French we owe nearly all the varieties of this class which have been produced from the original semi-double rose, or Bourbon Jacques, as it was called. Of these varieties, the following are distinct, and possess many charming qualities that cannot fail to gratify the amateur.

Acidalie.—One of the best light roses, being sometimes light blush, and at others white. Its autumnal bloom is its best.

Appoline.—A vigorous grower; its color is rose and pink.

Dr. Berthet.—Brilliant cherry red; large, full, and good.

George Peabody.—Medium, full, well formed; purplish crimson; fragrant; a moderate grower, but one of the best of its class.

Hermosa.—An old variety, but still one of the very best of this group. Its form is cupped, very double and perfect, and no rose blooms more abundantly, either forced or in the open ground. Its color is delicate rose. The plant is of medium growth, and well adapted for grouping or for planting in beds with Mrs. Bosanquet and Agrippina.

Marquise Balbiano.—Rose, tinged with silver; full, fine form.

Perle d’Angers.—Very pale rose, almost white; large and full, imbricated.

Queen of the Bourbons.—A very beautiful and delicate rose-colored variety, slightly tinged with buff. It is cupped, very fragrant, large, and double, and its petals are arranged with a beautiful regularity.

Queen of Bedders.—Medium, very full; rich crimson. Few recent roses have been so highly praised as this; evidently a useful free-blooming sort.

Souvenir de la Malmaison.—Altogether the most perfect and superb rose of this or any other class. It was originated by Béluze, a Frenchman. Its flowers are cupped, and of very perfect form, very double, with thick, velvety petals; they are of the largest size, often four to five inches in diameter, and their color delicate blush, with a rich tint of cream. Its large and very luxuriant foliage, compact habit, and flowers of exceeding beauty, render this one of the very finest roses known.

CHINA.

Agrippina.—Though an old rose, this is still one of the best and most popular of its class. As a forcing rose, and for an abundance of bloom, it is largely cultivated by bouquet venders. It is cupped, beautifully formed, and of a rich, brilliant crimson, with a delicate white stripe in the center of each petal. It is one of the most hardy and desirable of the old China Roses.

Cels multiflora.—An abundant bloomer; its color is white, shaded with pink.

Daily Blush.—One of the oldest China Roses, but one of the very best. There can be nothing more perfect than its half-expanded bud, of a light crimson, inclining to blush. It commences blooming among the earliest, and, if the old seed-vessels are picked off, will continue to bloom abundantly through the summer and autumn, even after severe frosts. It is one of the hardiest of the class.

Daily White.—Very similar to the preceding, in everything but the color of its flowers, which are pure white.

Douglass.—Crimson; medium size; double, fine in bud, and one of the best forcing sorts.

Ducher.—White; medium size, fine form, full; free flowering; promising as a free and continuous white bedding rose.

Little Pet.—White; small and double; a pretty miniature rose, and exceedingly free in blooming.

Madame Bréon.—One of the very best. Its flowers are very large and double, beautifully cupped, and of a brilliant rose color. Few of the old China Roses can surpass it.

Mrs. Bosanquet.—One of the most desirable of the old China Roses, and there are few in any other class that are superior to it. Its growth is luxuriant, and its superb cupped, wax-like flowers are of a delicate flesh-color, and are produced in the greatest abundance.

Viridiflora.—Green; curious.

NOISETTE.

Aimée Vibert.—One of the most beautiful of the Noisette or cluster-flowering roses. It blooms freely through the season, is tolerably hardy, and produces an abundance of small, snow-white flowers, in fine clusters.

Beauté de l’Europe.—Deep yellow, reverse of petals coppery; large, full, and of perfect shape.

Caroline de Marniesse.—One of the hardiest. Its color is white, with a tinge of pink in the center.

Celine Forestier.—A vigorous growing rose. One of the hardiest, and with a large, full flower. Its color is rich yellow.

Elise Boelle.—A delicate pink shading; moderate grower; much esteemed.

Lamarque.—A well-known and superb variety, whose very vigorous growth adapts it well for a pillar, or even for a climber, as in rich soils and favorable locations it will make shoots of fifteen feet in a season. When budded on a strong stock, few roses can surpass its large cupped and nearly white flowers, weighing down the branches.

Maréchal Niel.—A vigorous growing rose, more free blooming than Chromatella. Its color is yellow, deepening at the center to a rich, golden yellow. It is, perhaps, the largest and most beautiful yellow rose known, and very fragrant.

Ophire.—A medium-sized rose, of a very singular color, entirely different from any other rose known, being a bright salmon, almost saffron. It blooms in clusters, and its luxuriant habit would make it a good pillar rose.

Solfaterre.—Another superb rose, of very much the same character. Its flowers are large and globular, inclining to flat, and their color bright lemon. When half opened, the buds are superb. Like Chromatella (and Lamarque, the parent of both), its growth is very luxuriant. Rivers mentions a plant which threw out a shoot from a single bud eighteen feet in one season, and the next season was covered with flower buds.

Triomphe de Rennes.—A fine rose, of large, full form, and canary color.

TEA ROSES.

Adam.—One of the finest tea-scented roses. Its flowers are cupped, very double and large, and of perfect form.

Andre Schwartz.—Crimson-scarlet, with an occasional white streak on the inner petal; of tea fragrance, and very free flowering.

Antoine Mermet.—Deep rosy-carmine; large, full, and cupped.

Bon Silene.—A very beautiful tea-scented rose, cupped, very double, and fragrant. Its color is rose, shaded with crimson, and the plant is hardy and of luxuriant growth.

Bougere.—A very large, superb rose, one of the very best of the tea-scented varieties. Its form is cupped, and its color a rich, glossy, bronzed rose.

Caroline.—A fine variety, with very double and perfect flowers, of a bright rose color.

Capucine.—A very distinct sort, with beautiful saffron yellow buds. Of delicate habit.

Catharine Mermet.—Large, pointed buds, full, and of good form; rosy flesh color; fine fragrance; moderate grower. Esteemed by those who force roses for the market, as one of the most valuable.

Clara Sylvain.—One of the best white roses. It grows very freely, and gives its globular, pure white, and fragrant flowers in the greatest abundance.

Comtesse de Frigueuse.—Canary yellow; fine and striking, large and full; free.

Cornélie Koch.—White, sometimes faintly tinged with pale straw color. A grand rose, and a great favorite for forcing.

Devoniensis.—A very beautiful rose, of immense size. Like Chromatella, it is sometimes a shy bloomer when young, but is well adapted for forcing. Its form is cupped, and its color a fine creamy white, tinted with rose.

Duc de Magenta.—Has a large and fine form. Its color is rosy salmon, shading to pink.

Etendard de Jeanne d’Arc.—Creamy white, changing to pure white; very large and full, opening well; a seedling from Gloire de Dijon; very free.

General Tartas.—This is of a dark rose color, and has a large and full form.

Gloire de Dijon.—One of the finest and hardiest of the whole group. It is a strong grower, and makes a good climber. Its foliage is luxuriant, and its flowers are large and double; their color is pale salmon, buff, and yellow. This variety will always give satisfaction.

Her Majesty.—Clear and bright satiny rose color; flowers very large and full.

Homer.—A peculiar and beautiful rose when in bud. Its color is rose, tipped with red, and with a salmon center.

Isabella Sprunt.—A new, yellow rose, of great merit. Its remarkably free blooming qualities make it a valuable acquisition for forcing and for cut flowers.

Jaune d’Or.—A golden yellow rose, of good form.

Julie Mansais.—A large and superb tea-scented rose, globular, and very fragrant. Its color is white, with lemon.

Madame Bravy.—Finely formed, and of a creamy white color.

Madame Chedayne Guénoisseau.—Canary yellow; very beautiful in bud; large, full, of fine form, and very free.

Madame Cusin.—Purplish rose, center slightly tinted with yellowish white; medium size; full and distinct.

Madame de Tartas.—Large, and free blooming; of a bright rose color.

Madame Falcot.—Buff yellow, something deeper than Safrano, and more double in form. One of the best.

Mademoiselle Cécile Berthod.—Large, full, fine form; bright sulphur yellow; moderate.

Marie Berton.—(Climbing.) Very large; straw color, rather fragrant; vigorous, with fine foliage; regarded as the most free bloomer of all the seedlings of Gloire de Dijon.

Marie Guillot.—Large, beautiful in bud, nearly perfect in form; white, with a faint tinge of yellow; free, and one of the best of the newer light-colored varieties.

Marie Van Houtte.—Excellent form; the pale-yellow petals, often suffused with rose; free, and highly esteemed, especially for cultivation in the open air.

May Paul.—Red, shaded and veined with lilac; large and full.

Niphetos.—Color almost white. When grown under glass, it is one of the most popular and beautiful roses.

Papa Gontier.—A new red rose, of great value; fragrant; free blooming, and of vigorous growth.

Perle de Lyon.—Large, very double, and fragrant; deep yellow, with a tinge of saffron at center; excellent fragrance; very vigorous grower, and is much used to train up the pillars of green-houses, where it flowers freely; mildews in the open air.

Perle des Jardins.—Large to very large, excellent form, with stiff stem; deep canary yellow; exquisite tea-fragrance; a free grower and bloomer; the foliage is very dark and glaucous, and the five to seven leaflets are strongly serrated. This variety, both in this country and in Europe, proves to be a formidable rival to Maréchal Neil. It is largely forced for the New York market, and it is also excellent in the open ground.

Pierre Guillot.—(Hybrid.)—Large, erect, well formed; bright red; fragrant; moderate to vigorous; free bloomer.

Puritan.—A new white rose of great beauty; very large flower; blooming freely; good grower, and free bloomer; fragrant.

Reine Marie Henriette.—(Climber.)—Large, good form, double; cerise red; rather fragrant; very vigorous; this is also a cross from Gen. Jacqueminot.

Rubens.—Color rose and white, with yellow center; form large and double.

Safrano.—This is scarcely excelled by any rose. Its half-opened bud is very beautiful, and of a rich, deep fawn color. When open, its form is poor, and its color a much lighter fawn. These fawn-colored roses have peculiar charms for us; and of them all, there are none more beautiful or richer than Safrano.

Sombreuil.—A strong grower, with flowers of a pale straw color.

Souvenir d’un Ami.—The queen of the tea-scented roses, and will rank the very first among them. Its habit is good, it blooms freely, and its large and beautifully imbricated flowers, when open, much resemble in form those of Souvenir de Malmaison. Its color is a delicate salmon, shaded with rose, and its general character highly recommends it as first-rate in every respect. Hibberd claims to have produced flowers from this variety eleven to twelve inches in circumference when fully expanded.

Sunset.—A sport from Perle des Jardins, bearing flowers similar to that variety in form and substance but of a deep apricot color; beautiful in bud, and a fine forcing variety.

The Bride.—A very fine white tea rose; a sport from Catherine Mermet. The flowers are large, full, and of great substance, produced in extraordinary profusion and carried on long stalks well above the foliage.

Triomphe de Guillot fils.—A white rose, clouded with flesh color, and shaded with yellowish salmon.

Vallée de Chamouny.—Coppery rose color; medium size.

Vicomtesse de Cazes.—A fine yellow, and free blooming rose.

Fig. 3.—MARÉCHAL NIEL.

W. F. Bennett.—Crimson; large and double; very fragrant. A most valuable variety for forcing for winter blooming.

Waltham Climbers, Nos. 1, 2 and 3.—Very fine new summer and autumn-flowering climbing roses of different shades of crimson. No. 1 being the brightest, and No. 3 the darkest. No. 2 is one of the sweetest roses in existence, and No. 3 is a fine show rose.

In the preceding list, we have given some of the best varieties of the Tea Rose, and trust the amateur will find no difficulty in making a selection. Many are pillar roses; and these, so trained, would be beautiful objects on a lawn, either singly, or in groups from three to a dozen. Where the height of the pillars can be gently graduated to the highest in the center, the effect will be very fine. Many of the luxuriant growing varieties can be trained upon a common pale fence, and will cover it with flowers and foliage the whole season. Straw can be easily thatched over to protect them from the severity of winter, or bass mats would be still better.

THE POLYANTHA ROSES.

A distinct species of Rose (Rosa polyantha) was introduced from Japan several years ago. This is distinguished by having numerous very small flowers, borne in panicled clusters. In the hands of the French cultivators, it has produced what promises to be a distinct and popular class, of which the following are regarded as the best. They are probably hybrids, as they remontant, while the original species blooms but once. The English often call them “Daisy Roses.”

Anne Marie de Montravel.—Small, an inch and a half in diameter, very double; pure white; lasts a long while in perfection; moderately fragrant. Jean Sisley writes: “Each truss will make in itself a splendid bouquet.” Dwarf, but vigorous.

M’lle. Cécile Brünner.—Very small, full; fine salmon-pink; highly fragrant; moderate or dwarf; flowers freely. Obtained by crossing with a Tea.

Mignonette.—Very small, double; in clusters of thirty or forty; rose-color, changing to blush.

Paquerette.—Fine form, full, only an inch in diameter; pure white; growth moderate.

Perle d’Or.—Nankeen yellow, with orange centres; small and full, very beautiful; flowers very numerous and of good shape.

Princesse Wilhelmine des Pays Bas.—Pure white, imbricated, very sweet.

THE RAMANAS ROSE (Rosa rugosa).

Since the last edition was published this Rose has been introduced into cultivation and has become deservedly popular. The plant is very vigorous, growing large clumps five or six feet in height with exceedingly thorny stems. The foliage is remarkably robust, very dark-green, strongly-veined, and of great substance; it is rarely attacked by insects. The rose-colored, or white single flowers, about three inches across, are borne in large clusters, and have a most delightful fragrance. They continue in bloom for a long time, and are succeeded by large fruits (heps) of a bright-red color, which make the bush very showy in autumn. There are in cultivation a white and a rose-colored variety. A double variety has been introduced, but it is only partially double, and not preferable to the single. These are most valuable roses for the shrubbery, suckering somewhat, but not to an annoying extent.

This species was sent to this country from Japan by Mr. Thomas Hogg, about fifteen years ago; it was also introduced into Europe by others. It has been described in French and other journals as Rosa Regeliana and R. Fortunei, but the much older name R. rugosa must supersede these. The adoption of the Japanese “Ramanas” will avoid any confusion as to botanical names. Whether a species so very distinct as this will yield itself to the efforts of the hybridizer remains to be seen, but it offers a most tempting subject. Could the vigorous, almost leathery foliage, thorough hardiness and powerful fragrance of this be combined with the handsome form and varied tints of roses of the popular classes, it would be a great horticultural achievement. The European journals mention that a new variety of this species was exhibited at Lyons this year, but no description is given. It is however interesting to know that the skilled rose growers of the south of France have taken it in hand.

The Japanese have long held the Ramanas Rose in high favor. It is recorded that as early as the year 1100, of our era, the court-ladies prepared a favorite perfume from its petals; but it is also stated that they had the bad taste to add to it both camphor and musk.

MACARTNEY ROSES.

The Macartney rose was brought from China to England by Lord Macartney, in 1793. Its habit is luxuriant, and its foliage is more beautiful than that of any other rose, its leaves being thick, and of a rich, glossy green. It commences blooming about midsummer, and its flowers, with a fragrance like the perfume of an apricot, succeed each other without interruption till the first frosts, while the leaves remain till the very latest. Although as hardy as the hardiest of the China Roses, it would be better in this latitude to give it the same protection as recommended for the China. It is one of the most desirable roses for beds or borders. When covering the whole ground, and kept well pegged down, its rich, glossy foliage, gemmed with fragrant flowers, produces a beautiful effect. The varieties of this rose are very few, but the best two are the following:

Alba odorata.—A vigorous growing rose, with very rich and beautiful foliage. Its fragrant flowers are cream-colored, and, when in bud, are very beautiful. It has stood the last three winters uninjured in our grounds, without protection, and is a very beautiful and desirable variety. It is classed by Rivers as a Microphylla, but it so little resembles that rose, and is so decidedly Macartney in its character, that we place it with the latter.

Maria Leonida.—A very beautiful, but not entirely double variety, as its stamens can sometimes be seen, which, however, give a graceful appearance. Its flowers are finely cupped, and pure white, with a tinge of blush at the base of the petals.

MICROPHYLLA ROSES.

This species, originally from the Himalayan Mountains, was first brought to Europe in 1823. Its foliage is small and singular, and its growth is very robust. Its flowers bloom from midsummer till frost, and have a striking appearance; they are very double, with a calyx of which the small, bristling sepals give the opening bud the appearance of a small chestnut. The plant is hardy, and has endured the winter in our grounds for the past twenty years without protection, losing only a portion of the tops of its shoots. Of the several varieties, one of the best is

Rubra, which has very double and cupped flowers, of a blush and often rose color, with a deep red centre.

MUSK ROSES.

The Musk Rose grows naturally in Persia and other Eastern countries, where it attains the height of a small tree, and is doubtless the rose which has been celebrated by Eastern poets. It is also found in India, where it is probably the species used for making attar. In this latitude it is quite hardy, and we have a plant of the old White Musk in our grounds, that has braved the severity of more than twenty winters. It has made in one season shoots more than six feet long, and in our Southern States, more than double the growth would probably be obtained. The blossoms appear in clusters, and commencing later than any other rose, continue abundant throughout the season. The Old White Cluster has been widely distributed throughout the country, and is deservedly a favorite. The best two varieties, however, are the following:

Eponine.—A cupped and very double variety, with the peculiar musk fragrance. It is pure white, and a very pretty rose.

Princess of Nassau.—A luxuriant growing and very fragrant variety, and would make a good pillar rose. It blooms in large clusters of cupped flowers, changing from yellow to cream color as they open.

ROSES THAT BLOOM ONLY ONCE IN THE SEASON.

GARDEN ROSES.

For want of a better, we use this term to designate all those roses that bloom only once in the season, and that strongly resemble each other in habit and flower. It includes those classes called, by rose-growers, French, Provence, Hybrid Provence, Hybrid China, Hybrid Bourbon, White and Damask Roses.