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[1] "By bourgeoisie is meant the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production, and employers of wage-labor. By proletariat, the class of modern wage-laborers, who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live."—Frederick Engels, Notes on the Communist Manifesto, 1888.

[2] See Sombart, Socialism and the Social Movement, Introduction, for discussion of the class movement.

[3] The Socialist Movement, p. 147.

[4] The all-embracing character of Socialism was eloquently phrased by Millerand in 1896: "In its large synthesis Socialism embraces every manifestation of life, because nothing human is alien to it, because it alone offers to-day to our hunger for justice and happiness an ideal, purely human and apart from all dogma." See Ensor, Modern Socialism, p. 53.

[5] Garantieen der Harmonie und Freiheit, pp. 57–58, edition of 1845.

[6] Letter I, addressed to David Ricardo.

[7] Tract No. IV.

[8] Socialism, pp. 71–72.

[9] Wells, New Worlds for Old, p. 36.

[10] Mill, Socialism, p. 72.

[11] Louis Blanc, The Right to Labor, p. 63.

[12] Organization of Labor, p. 87, 1847.