Читать книгу Antenna and EM Modeling with MATLAB Antenna Toolbox - Sergey N. Makarov - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 A generator (its Thévenin equivalent) connected to an antenna.Figure 1.2 Average antenna power as a function of the antenna resistance for...Figure 1.3 A generator (its Thévenin equivalent) connected to an antenna – t...Figure 1.4 Dipole antenna for the evaluation of the reflection coefficient....Figure 1.5 Dipole antenna impedance in the vicinity of its first (series) re...Figure 1.6 Dipole antenna impedance in the vicinity of its first (series) re...Figure 1.7 Equivalence of the TX circuits with and without the transmission ...Figure 1.8 Magnitude of the reflection coefficient in dB for the dipole ante...Figure 1.9 Reflection coefficient in dB (left) versus VSWR (right) for the s...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Model of the receiving antenna with a voltage source.Figure 2.2 Receiving antenna configuration for finding V_OC. Both the inciden...Figure 2.3 Geometry of the antenna‐to‐antenna link. Both antennas may have d...Figure 2.4 Power transfer function for two 15 cm long dipoles separated by 1...Figure 2.5 A path between the transmitting and receiving antennas in the for...Figure 2.6 Transformations of the two‐port antenna network in frequency doma...Figure 2.7 Network transformation of the antenna‐to‐antenna link – the S‐mat...Figure 2.8 (a) Creation of a TX/RX geometry in the MATLAB Antenna Toolbox us...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Problem geometry for boundary conditions at a media interface.Figure 3.2 Illustration of electrostatic and magnetostatic approximations.Figure 3.3 Plane electromagnetic wave that propagates along the x‐axis.Figure 3.4 Coordinate system and radiating configuration for a small current...Figure 3.5 Plot of the ratio of the magnitudes of electric and magnetic fiel...Figure 3.6 Coordinate system and radiating configuration for a finite dipole...Figure 3.7 Dipole geometry for Pocklington integral equation.Figure 3.8 Schematic distribution of the E‐ and H‐fields, and of the Poyntin...Figure 3.9 Omnidirectional directivity pattern in decibel of a half‐wave dip...Figure 3.10 Directivity pattern in decibel of a λ/2 half-wave dipole (solid ...Figure 3.11 Antenna setup for Friis transmission equation. The antenna types...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Base center‐fed cylindrical dipole.Figure 4.2 (a and b) Appearance of undesired currents on the outer surface o...Figure 4.3 (a) Split‐tube or split‐coaxial balun geometry, associated dimens...Figure 4.4 (a) Dipole prototypes built with the split‐coaxial balun followin...Figure 4.5 Dyson balun for (a) single‐polarization dipole antenna; (b) loop ...Figure 4.6 A 180° power divider on the base of an ideal transformer.Figure 4.7 Simplified center‐fed dipole model used for impedance computation...Figure 4.8 A “Vivaldi” antenna element.Figure 4.9 Concept of a reflecting (metal) ground plane.Figure 4.10 Feed placement for a horn cavity.Figure 4.11 (a) Method of images for a horizontal dipole above a ground plan...Figure 4.12 Radiation geometry in spherical coordinates. The dipole offset f...Figure 4.13 UHF corner‐reflector dipoles at 433 MHz.Figure 4.14 (a) The corner reflector with corner angle of 90° – top view – a...Figure 4.15 Geometrical optics approximation for a dipole above a finite gro...Figure 4.16 Geometry for a half‐wave dipole with quarter wave separation. Th...Figure 4.17 Radiation patterns of the dipole above a finite ground plane of ...Figure 4.18 Geometry of a turnstile antenna.Figure 4.19 Geometry of a vertical electric dipole above a ground plane.Figure 4.20 Geometry of a vertical electric dipole between two metal walls....

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Center‐fed cylindrical dipole oriented along the x‐axis.Figure 5.2 Examples of broadband dipoles. From left to right (and then from ...Figure 5.3 Five representative dipole antenna configurations: thin dipole, a...Figure 5.4 Biconical dipole geometry – the xz‐plane.Figure 5.5 Impedance (radiation resistance) of a large biconical antenna as ...Figure 5.6 Two biconical antenna configurations: a “slender” biconical dipol...Figure 5.7 A wire‐wound biconical dipole.Figure 5.8 Blade dipole – two antennas in one geometry setup.Figure 5.9 Blade dipole with one radiating slot – two antennas in one setup ...Figure 5.10 VSWR of the antenna in Figure 5.9 and its broadside gain.Figure 5.11 Double blade dipole with a Vivaldi slot directly matched to 50 Ω...Figure 5.12 VSWR of the antenna in Figure 5.11 and its broadside gain along ...Figure 5.13 Other shapes of broadband dipoles combining the dipole and horn ...Figure 5.14 Dipole antenna in the form of two disks.

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Loop antennas with the diameter of 11.5″ (thick copper wire with ...Figure 6.2 (a) Small dipole of constant current I₀ – (the derivation is give...Figure 6.3 Directivity pattern of a quarter‐wave‐circumference loop versus t...Figure 6.4 Directivity pattern of a quarter‐wave‐circumference loop (dashed ...Figure 6.5 A 15 cm long dipole versus a 30 cm long loop to scale.Figure 6.6 Input impedance of the 15 cm long dipole (Figure 6.6‐top) versus ...Figure 6.7 Radiation patterns (total gain) of the loop antenna with the leng...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 TX circuit with a small antenna.Figure 7.2 Half‐power small‐antenna bandwidth and its approximation.Figure 7.3 A base sphere surrounding a small antenna.Figure 7.4 Commercial printed flexible dipole antenna “Taoglas 433 MHz.” The...Figure 7.5 Reflection coefficient (called return loss here) for printed flex...Figure 7.6 Antenna metal foil – the printed dipole – modeled in Ansys HFSS....Figure 7.7 Reflection coefficient Γ of the printed dipole versus 50 Ω a...Figure 7.8 Double tuning the loop antenna in the TX or RX mode.Figure 7.9 Double tuning a small monopole antenna in the TX mode. The dipole...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 A metal patch antenna as a λ_g/2 open–open section on the bas...Figure 8.2 Left – Fields, charges, and currents for the simplified patch ant...Figure 8.3 Patch antenna geometry for linear polarization: (a) with a micros...Figure 8.4 Rectangular‐patch antenna at 2.37 GHz on a low‐epsilon RT/duroid®...Figure 8.5 (a) Surface mesh for a patch antenna. (b) Tetrahedral volume mesh...Figure 8.6 Input impedance curves for the patch antenna shown in Figure 8.4....Figure 8.7 Total directivity for the patch antenna shown in Figure 8.4 at re...Figure 8.8 Directivity of the co‐polar and cross‐polar fields vs. elevation ...Figure 8.9 Fields within the patch antenna at the resonant frequency. Top – ...Figure 8.10 Top – free surface charge density on the metal surface. Light co...Figure 8.11 First row – VHF/UHF downlink/uplink patch antennas at 146/437 MH...Figure 8.12 Patch antenna geometry.Figure 8.13 Patch antenna geometry.Figure 8.14 Patch antenna geometry.Figure 8.15 Three variations of PIFA: (a) Conventional PIFA. (b) PIFA with a...Figure 8.16 Top – Four different base PIFA configurations: (a) PIFA with a n...Figure 8.17 Half‐power antenna bandwidth vs. normalized antenna height for f...Figure 8.18 Some literature data on the PIFA bandwidth. References [1–6] cor...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Long wire antenna with a generator and a termination resistance (...Figure 9.2 Geometry for computing radiation pattern of the long wire antenna...Figure 9.3 Normalized directivity pattern of the long wire (“beverage”) ante...Figure 9.4 Construction of Yagi‐Uda antenna.Figure 9.5 (a) Small helical antenna connected to a passive RFID tag at 433 ...Figure 9.6 Illustration of circularly polarized or rotating current (and fie...Figure 9.7 Geometry of a two‐arm Archimedean spiral antenna and the band rad...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Opening Antenna Designer app in MATLAB 2020a.Figure 10.2 Set of available antenna topologies in MATLAB 2020a.Figure 10.3 Geometry and simulation data for the PIFA radiator.Figure 10.4 Input impedance for the default inverted‐F antenna configuration...Figure 10.5 Three antenna candidates for the selected antenna task.Figure 10.6 Asymmetry of the phase shifting operation in the TX/RX mode at t...Figure 10.7 Operation of the RHCP antenna.Figure 10.8 RHCP/LHCP antenna orientations and the corresponding transmissio...Figure 10.9 Local coordinate system for explaining circular polarization.Figure 10.10 Examples of circularly polarized antennas (turnstile dipoles). ...Figure 10.11 A circularly polarized patch antenna with two separate feeds ex...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 A 4 GHz directional‐power 4 × 4 patch antenna array with the cor...Figure 11.2 A 500 MHz–1 GHz directional‐power dipole antenna array with the ...Figure 11.3 A 500 MHz–1 GHz directional‐power blade‐dipole modular antenna a...Figure 11.4 A 500–750 MHz coaxial‐dipole antenna array with the independent ...Figure 11.5 A small‐size scanning 920 MHz bowtie dipole array with dual line...Figure 11.6 Radiation geometry of two dipoles in spherical coordinates. The ...Figure 11.7 Broadside and endfire linear arrays.Figure 11.8 Power ratio at two different element spacings for the linear b...Figure 11.9 A dipole array behavior (cross section) in a two‐dimensional spa...Figure 11.10 (a) Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadside ...Figure 11.11 Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadside arra...Figure 11.12 Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadside arra...Figure 11.13 Directivity patterns of the array factor for the endfire array ...Figure 11.14 Directivity patterns of the array factor for Hansen‐Woodyard ar...Figure 11.15 (a,b) Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadsid...Figure 11.16 Planar array geometry and unit cell dimensions.Figure 11.17 The array unit cell on the size of 240 × 240 mm.Figure 11.18 Theory versus numerical simulations of an 8 × 8 array of dipole...Figure 11.19 Theory (directivity of the array factor only) versus numerical ...Figure 11.20 Top view of a unit cell consisting of a resonant dipole above a...Figure 11.21 Reflection coefficient S₁₁ for the isolated unit cell comprisin...Figure 11.22 The geometry for the 2 × 1, 3 × 1, 4 × 1, and 3 × 2 arrays is s...Figure 11.23 The geometry for the 4 × 2, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 arrays is sh...Figure 11.24 Corporate‐feeding network used for the 64‐element antenna array...Figure 11.25 Simulated behavior of two (2 : 1, 4 : 1) series Wilkinson divid...Figure 11.26 Example of the corporate feed for a 2 × 2 patch antenna array u...