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PREFACE

“Monuments Future: Decay and Conservation of Stone”

14th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone

Siegfried Siegesmund¹ and Bernhard Middendorf²

1 Geoscience Centre of the University Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Goettingen, Germany

2 University of Kassel, Department of Structural Materials and Construction Chemistry, Moenchebergstr. 7, 34125 Kassel, Germany

Cultural heritage creates identity and promotes a sense of community even in times of globalisation. At the very latest, the devastating fire at Notre-Dame de Paris shows that a loss of cultural hertitage of this importants is painfully affecting society.

For more than hundred years, statutory monument protection in Germany has been an important part of our cultural self-image and public awareness. Fortunately, since then the protection of historical monuments has enjoyed increasing acceptance among the population. With the recognition of the cultural significance, there has been a change in the appreciation of architectural monuments as cultural monuments. Efforts are now increasingly focused not on the destruction or removal, but on the preservation of our cultural heritage. Events on the occasion of the annual “Open Monument Day” are evidence of this gratifying trend.

Natural stone was the world’s most durable and valuable building material of past millennia. This is why most of our preserved historical monuments are made of natural stone. The diversity of natural stone deposits worldwide has a decisive and unmistakable influence on the regional cultural landscapes. Environmental influences such as natural weathering and the impact of anthropogenic environmental pollutants unfortunately led to growing and serious damage to many monuments. Since the 1970s, the public has become increasingly aware of this environmentally-induced loss of cultural assets. Ever since buildings were and are constructed of natural stone, problems of stone decay have been known. The signs are alarming.

The international scientific “Committee for Stone (ISCS)” of ICOMOS organizes every four years the International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone. After congresses in La Rochelle, Athens, Venice, Louisville, Lausanne, Torun, Lisbon, Berlin, Venice, Stockholm, Torun, New York and Paisley, the 14th Interntional Congress was planned to take place from 7th to 12th 2020 at the Universities of Göttingen and Kassel in Germany. The conference is considered the most important forum for the entire field of stone conservation and stone decay and is recognized trend-setter for innovative developments and methods. The worldwide available knowledge about stone decay and stone conservation is summarized in the proceedings presented here and reflects the current state of the art.

In recent years, many individual results have been achieved worldwide in the field of natural stone conservation which, despite increasing digitisation, 12have not been published and are therefore not publicly accessible. In the meantime, however, a new level which requires a summary of the knowledge achieved in order to be able to specialist knowledge on a broad basis in the practice of monument conservation and building maintenance can be transferred. This was also the aim and the topic of the multi-day symposium and was subtitled Monuments Future: Decay and Conservation of Stone.

The conference is aimed at monument conservators, restorers, architects, engineers and natural scientists and will be divided into several thematically different blocks. This conference is the main gathering for the dissemination of knowledge in the field of stone deterioration issues. It represents and captures the state-of-the-art in the field of stone conservation and cultural heritage conservation with regards to the following topics:

— Characterisation of damage phenomena of stone and related building materials (plaster, rendering, mortar etc.)

— Methods for the investigation of stone decay; in-situ and non-destructive testing

— Long-term monitoring of stone monuments and buildings

— Simulation and modelling of decay

— Technology and development of improved treatments and use of stone in new buildings

— Assessment of long-term effects of treatments

— Impact of climate change on stone decay of Cultural Heritage

— Reports about stone conservation: case studies and projects

— Digitalization and documentation in stone conservation

— Open Topics

It is a great pleasure for the Executive Committee to gratefully acknowledge the members of the Permanent Scientific Committee and the Local Scientific Committee for their reviews of each contribution followed by revision by the authors. The contents and accuracy of the papers are the responsibility of the authors!

​Permanent Scientific Committee

— Miloš Drdácký (President, Czech Republic)

— Ann Bourges (France)

— Susanna Bracci (Italy)

— Philippe Bromblet (France)

— Hilde De Clercq (Belgium)

— Katerina Delegou (Greece)

— Julie Desarnaud (Belgium)

— Robert J. Flatt (Switzerland)

— Christoph Franzen (Germany)

— John Hughes (UK)

— Takeshi Ishizaki (Japan)

— Heiner Siedel (Germany)

— Ákos Török (Hungary)

— Johannes Weber (Austria)

​Local Scientific Committee

— Prof. Dr. Siegfried Siegesmund (University of Göttingen, Germany) – Executive Committee

— Prof. Dr. Bernhard Middendorf (University of Kassel, Germany) – Executive Committee

— Dr. Michael Auras (Institute for Stone Conservation (IFS), Mainz, Germany)

— Prof. Dr. Paul Bellendorf (University of Bamberg, Germany)

— Dr. Angela Ehling (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resource, BGR, Berlin)

— M. A.; M. Sc. Constanze Fuhrmann (The German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU), Osnabrück, Germany)

— Dr. Luigi Germinario (University of Saitama, Japan)

— Prof. Dr. Gabriele Grassegger (Bau-Consult – Consulting and Development, Winnenden, Germany)

— PD Dr. Michael Hoppert (University of Göttingen, Germany)

— Prof. Dr. Roman Koch (University of Erlangen, Germany)

— PhD Rubén López-Doncel (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico)

— M. A. Johanna Menningen (University of Göttingen, Germany)

— M. Sc. Christopher Pötzl (University of Göttingen, Germany)

13— Dr. Enrico Sassoni (University of Bologna, Italy)

— M. Sc. Tim Schade (University of Kassel, Germany)

— Prof. Dr. Erwin Stadlbauer (Lower saxony state office for the preservation of historical monuments, Hannover, Germany))

— Prof. Dr. Rolf Snethlage (Natural stone, building physics and building chemistry in monument conservation, Bamberg, Germany)

— Dr. Robert Sobott (Laboratory for the preservation of historic buildings and monuments Naumburg, Germany)

— PhD Luís Sousa (University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal)

— Prof. Dr. Michael Steiger (University of Hamburg, Germany)

— Dr. Wanja Wedekind (University of Göttingen, Germany)

— Dr. Eberhard Wendler (Specialist laboratory, Munich, Germany)

— Dr. Alexander Wetzel (University of Kassel)

The organizing committee also wish to thank all authors for their efforts in preparing the abstracts and contributions, as well as for their collaboration which was the key to the success of these proccedings.

Furthermore we like to thank the German Federal Environmental Foundation (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt – DBU, AZ- 34720/01), the German German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – DFG, AZ-Si 438/53-1) and our commercial sponsors KÄRCHER, REMMERS, TUBAG, FOCUS GmbH, IBZ – Salzchemie GmbH & Co. KG for their support. We also thank the publisher Mitteldeutscher Verlag (MDV) for the compilation of the proceedings.

The editors would like to express their sincere thanks to these persons who, through their tireless efforts, have significantly supported the creation of the proceedings: Tim Schade, Johanna Menningen, Christopher Pötzl, Christian J. Gross, Marie-France Hesse, Alexandra Jung14