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Double shell masonry structures are characteristic of many ruins of the rich cultural heritage in Armenia. The building stones that form the exterior and interior masonry are held together between the two masonry shells by lime mortar and quarry stone masonry. The percentage of both structural elements in rising walls is about 50 % (Fig. 2a, b and e).

The inner shell of the masonry has a very solid and durable mortar. This mortar seems to literally glue the two wall shells together and seems to be the reason why many church buildings, as ruins, have still been partly preserved (Fig. 2a).

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