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Rock types that have frequently been used for stone items or edifices important to cultural heritage are granite, marble, and sandstone. We selected these three rock types as test rock.

The first rock selected is a granite collected in Inada, Japan, and which is used for buildings and tombstones. The second is a marble (Bianco Carrara) from Italy used for sculptures and building decor. The third is a sandstone from Cambodia used for the historical temples of Angkor, a World Heritage Site.

These selected rocks have different characteristics as follows. The granite selected has a polymineralic structure and is mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase, microcline, biotite, and amphibole. Although the average mineral size is approximately 2 mm, some quartz and plagioclase have a grain size > 5 mm. Meanwhile, the marble is practically monomineralic (calcite) metamorphic rock. The average size of the calcite is < 0.5 mm. Major minerals in the sandstone are quartz and albite; its average size is < 0.5 mm. Clinochlore and illite occur between the major minerals as a matrix of the sandstone. At the microscopic level, the granitic minerals have cleavage planes and previously formed intramineral microcracks. Regarding the marble and sandstone, the mineral cleavage planes and microcracks are obscure.

Regarding the physical and mechanical properties of samples, specific gravity ranges from 2.60 for the granite to 2.72 for the marble, and the porosity shows 0.64 % for the granite, 2.23 % for the marble, and 13.5 % for the sandstone. Mechanically, the granite is more brittle, and the granite and sandstone (9.4 MPa) have a higher tensile strength than that of the marble (6.4 MPa).

The P-wave velocity was determined for each specimen (50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height) before testing using a TICO instrument (Proceq). The velocity shows 4,654 m/s for the granite, 4,410 m/s for the marble, and 3,092 m/s for the sandstone.