This is Freud's greatest and most important work in which he introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and also first discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus complex, and it is widely considered one of his most important works. Freud said of this work, «Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime.» Dreams, in Freud's view, are all forms of «wish fulfillment» – attempts by the unconscious to resolve a conflict of some sort, whether something recent or something from the recesses of the past. Because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a «censor» in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. Freud refers to dreams as «The Royal Road to the Unconscious». He proposed the 'phenomenon of condensation' – the idea that one simple symbol or image presented in a person's dream may have multiple meanings. Content: THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON THE PROBLEMS OF THE DREAM METHOD OF DREAM INTERPRETATION THE DREAM IS THE FULFILMENT OF A WISH DISTORTION IN DREAMS THE MATERIAL AND SOURCES OF DREAMS THE DREAM-WORK THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE DREAM ACTIVITIES Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the father of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
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Sigmund Freud. The Interpretation of Dreams
The Interpretation of Dreams
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
I. THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON THE PROBLEMS OF THE DREAM1
II. METHOD OF DREAM INTERPRETATION. THE ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE DREAM
III. THE DREAM IS THE FULFILMENT OF A WISH
IV. DISTORTION IN DREAMS
V. THE MATERIAL AND SOURCES OF DREAMS
VI. THE DREAM-WORK
VII. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE DREAM ACTIVITIES
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Sigmund Freud
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
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Delbœuf16 reaches the same conclusion through a somewhat different line of argument. We give to the dream pictures the credence of reality because in sleep we have no other impressions to compare them with, because we are cut off from the outer world. But it is not perhaps because we are unable to make tests in our sleep, that we believe in the truth of our hallucinations. The dream may delude us with all these tests, it may make us believe that we may touch the rose that we see in the dream, and still we only dream. According to Delbœuf there is no valid criterion to show whether something is a dream or a conscious reality, except—and that only in practical generality—the fact of awakening. "I declare delusional everything that is experienced between the period of falling asleep and awakening, if I notice on awakening that I lie in my bed undressed" (p. 84). "I have considered the dream pictures real during sleep in consequence of the mental habit, which cannot be put to sleep, of perceiving an outer world with which I can contrast my ego."9
As the deviation from the outer world is taken as the stamp for the most striking characteristics of the dream, it will be worth while mentioning some ingenious observations of old Burdach8 which will throw light on the relation of the sleeping mind to the outer world and at the same time serve to prevent us from over-estimating the above deductions. "Sleep results only under the condition," says Burdach, "that the mind is not excited by sensory stimuli... but it is not the lack of sensory stimuli that conditions sleep, but rather a lack of interest for the same; some sensory impressions are even necessary in so far as they serve to calm the mind; thus the miller can fall asleep only when he hears the rattling of his mill, and he who finds it necessary to burn a light at night, as a matter of precaution, cannot fall asleep in the dark" (p. 457).
