A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freud. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis

PREFACE

PART I. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERRORS

FIRST LECTURE. INTRODUCTION

SECOND LECTURE. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERRORS

THIRD LECTURE. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERRORS – (Continued)

FOURTH LECTURE. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERRORS – (Conclusion)

II. THE DREAM

FIFTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

SIXTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

SEVENTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

EIGHTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

NINTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

TENTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

ELEVENTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

TWELFTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

THIRTEENTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

FOURTEENTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

FIFTEENTH LECTURE. THE DREAM

III. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

SIXTEENTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

SEVENTEENTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

EIGHTEENTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

NINETEENTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTIETH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-FIRST LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-SECOND LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-THIRD LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-FOURTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-FIFTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-SIXTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-SEVENTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

TWENTY-EIGHTH LECTURE. GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES

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I DO not know how familiar some of you may be, either from your reading or from hearsay, with psychoanalysis. But, in keeping with the title of these lectures —A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis– I am obliged to proceed as though you knew nothing about this subject, and stood in need of preliminary instruction.

To be sure, this much I may presume that you do know, namely, that psychoanalysis is a method of treating nervous patients medically. And just at this point I can give you an example to illustrate how the procedure in this field is precisely the reverse of that which is the rule in medicine. Usually when we introduce a patient to a medical technique which is strange to him we minimize its difficulties and give him confident promises concerning the result of the treatment. When, however, we undertake psychoanalytic treatment with a neurotic patient we proceed differently. We hold before him the difficulties of the method, its length, the exertions and the sacrifices which it will cost him; and, as to the result, we tell him that we make no definite promises, that the result depends on his conduct, on his understanding, on his adaptability, on his perseverance. We have, of course, excellent motives for conduct which seems so perverse, and into which you will perhaps gain insight at a later point in these lectures.

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Now you will relinquish this point only to take up your resistance at another place. You will continue, "We understand that it is the peculiar technique of psychoanalysis that the solution of its problems is discovered by the analyzed subject himself. Let us take another example, that in which the speaker calls upon the assembly 'to hiccough the health of their chief.' The interfering idea in this case, you say, is the insult. It is that which is the antagonist of the expression of conferring an honor. But that is mere interpretation on your part, based on observations extraneous to the slip. If in this case you question the originator of the slip, he will not affirm that he intended an insult, on the contrary, he will deny it energetically. Why do you not give up your unverifiable interpretation in the face of this plain objection?"

Yes, this time you struck a hard problem. I can imagine the unknown speaker. He is probably an assistant to the guest of honor, perhaps already a minor official, a young man with the brightest prospects. I will press him as to whether he did not after all feel conscious of something which may have worked in opposition to the demand that he do honor to the chief. What a fine success I'll have! He becomes impatient and suddenly bursts out on me, "Look here, you'd better stop this cross-examination, or I'll get unpleasant. Why, you'll spoil my whole career with your suspicions. I simply said 'auf-gestossen' instead of 'an-gestossen,' because I'd already said 'auf' twice in the same sentence. It's the thing that Meringer calls a perservation, and there's no other meaning that you can twist out of it. Do you understand me? That's all." H'm, this is a surprising reaction, a really energetic denial. I see that there is nothing more to be obtained from the young man, but I also remark to myself that he betrays a strong personal interest in having his slip mean nothing. Perhaps you, too, agree that it is not right for him immediately to become so rude over a purely theoretical investigation, but, you will conclude, he really must know what he did and did not mean to say.

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