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10 Myths in South African Politics
Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh
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For more than a decade, the state has turned informal settlements into illegal built environments. It has then tried to address these informalities and illegalities by governing them through institutional arrangements that blame poor people for the failures of the state, punishing them through evictions and relocations to newly constructed slums and still sub-standard housing stock.29
Another crucial pillar of service delivery is sanitation, also a disappointment since 1994. Over the last 23 years, access to an improved water source has only increased by 10%, from 83.4% to 93.2%.30 This is below Botswana and Brazil, who have reached the high 90s. The reason for South Africa’s inability to reach adequate water access is a systemic inability to focus on the excluded sectors of the economy. Apartheid geography – strengthened by ANC policies – has made excluded areas hard to service. As a result, the public health crises hit the poor hardest. Whereas we would have expected a steady increase in life expectancy since the end of apartheid, systemic failure to deliver services and the HIV/AIDS crisis led to a dramatic fall between 1994 and 2014: life expectancy went from 61 to 57 in the first decade of democracy.31 Again these figures were below comparator countries, like Botswana and Brazil, by significant margins.
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