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Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain located superior and anterior to the brain stem and inferior to the thalamus. It serves many different functions in the nervous system, and is also responsible for the direct control of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus contains special cells called neurosecretory cells—neurons that secrete hormones:

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

• Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

The Endocrine System

Pineal gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Thymus

Pancreas

Adrenal gland

Testes

(male)

Ovaries

(female)

Thyroid gland

Thyroid Cartilage

Anterior

Posterior

Anterior

Posterior

Epiglottis

Hyoid bone

Thyroyoid membrane

Corniculate Cartilage

Thyroid Cartilage

Arytenoid Cartilage

Cricothyroid ligament

Cricoid cartilage

Trachea

• Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

• Oxytocin

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)