Читать книгу Respiratory Medicine - Stephen J. Bourke - Страница 119

1 4.1 Cavitation is a characteristic feature of: a hamartomafibrotic lung diseaseHaemophilus influenzae pneumoniaStaphylococcus aureus pneumoniasmall cell lung cancer

2 4.2 An air bronchogram in an area of consolidation suggests: bronchial obstruction due to carcinomainfarction secondary to a pulmonary embolisman arteriovenous malformationpneumoniasarcoidosis

3 4.3 Avid uptake of uptake of 18 F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose on PET‐CT scan is: diagnostic of lung cancerconsistent with TBof no diagnostic value unless the lesion is >1 cmsuggestive of a neurofibroma if posterior within the lungpresumed to be due to a rheumatoid nodule in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis

4 4.4 A 65‐year‐old smoker presents with cough, purulent sputum and left chest pain. Chest X‐ray shows features of left lower lobe collapse. The most likely diagnosis is: pneumoniapneumonia with a parapneumonic effusioninfective exacerbation of COPDbronchial carcinomaan inhaled foreign body in the left lower lobe bronchus

5 4.5 A 60‐year‐old woman is found to have a posterior lower mediastinal mass on chest X‐ray and CT. The most likely cause is a: Morgagni diaphragmatic herniathymomaoesophageal cystpericardial cystneurofibroma

6 4.6 On a chest X‐ray the outline of the right hemidiaphragm is indistinct. The X‐ray is otherwise unremarkable. The most likely explanation is a: collapse of the right lower lobevariation of normal, which can be disregardedconsolidation in the right middle loberight lower lobe consolidationmediastinal shift to the left

7 4.7 A chest X‐ray reveals a total ‘white‐out’ of the left hemithorax, with a normally aerated lung on the right. Possible explanations include: congenital absence of the left lungcomplete consolidation of the left lunga left‐sided pleural effusioncomplete collapse of the left lungmassive pulmonary embolism

8 4.8 In the X‐ray described in 4.7, the most useful feature in distinguishing between the two MOST likely explantions for the ‘white‐out’ would be: visibility of the left hemidiaphragmpresence of the silhouette sign on the left mediastinumposition of the tracheaheight of the right hemidiaphragmpresence of vascular markings on the right

9 4.9 If a pulmonary embolism is suspected the most useful radiological investigation is: lateral CXRPA X‐rayhigh‐resolution CT scanCT pulmonary angiogramPET scan

10 4.10 On the cross‐sectional image from a CT scan at a level just above the arch of the aorta: the oesophagus is not visiblethe oesophagus is just anterior to the brachiocephalic veinthe trachea is the most anterior mediastinal structurethe left lung is not visiblethe aorta is not visible