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Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. Starting in 1644 it expanded into China proper and its surrounding territories, establishing the Empire of the Great Qing. During its reign, the Qing Dynasty became highly integrated with Chinese culture.

However, its military power weakened during the 1800s, and faced with international pressure, massive rebellions and defeats in wars, the Qing Dynasty declined after the mid-19th century. The collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 brought an end to over 2,000 years of imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism

Map of China.

Wang I-p’eng (15th c.), Inscription on Wu Chen’s Manual of Ink Bamboo, 15th c.

Album leaf, ink on paper, 38 × 53.1 cm.

National Palace Museum, Taipei.