Читать книгу A Course in Luminescence Measurements and Analyses for Radiation Dosimetry - Stephen W. S. McKeever - Страница 6

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Conceptual notion of TL and OSL in which...Figure 1.2 (a) Excitation from the equilibrium state...Figure 1.3 (a) Arbitrary distributions of available states...Figure 1.4 Schematic diagram illustrating the differences...Figure 1.5 Examples of personal dosimeters, including...Figure 1.6 (a) NASA’s passive radiation area monitor...Figure 1.7 Potential TL and/or OSL materials for personal...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 (a) Idealized energy-band diagram for...Figure 2.2 (a) An idealized lattice for an ionic crystal...Figure 2.3 Two views, (a) and (b), of density functional...Figure 2.4 (a) Schematic view of a LiF lattice with...Figure 2.5 Density of states functions Z(E) for (a)...Figure 2.6 Potential ϕ as a function of distance...Figure 2.7 A simple model with one electron trap...Figure 2.8 A configurational coordinate diagram showing...Figure 2.9 (a) Examples of postulated photoionization cross...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Exponential decay of luminescence for fixed...Figure 3.2 First-order TL glow curves calculated using...Figure 3.3 First-order TL glow curves: (a) Comparison of the...Figure 3.4 Second-order TL glow curves calculated using...Figure 3.5 Second-order TL glow curves: (a) Comparison...Figure 3.6 Changes in shape of a TL peak from first...Figure 3.7 A model including thermally disconnected traps....Figure 3.8 Schematic representations for the possible OSL...Figure 3.9 (a) Normalized CW-OSL curves of three values...Figure 3.10 Schematic representation of POSL showing...Figure 3.11 (a) A train of stimulation pulses used in a typical...Figure 3.12 Example VE-OSL peak shapes from solutions...Figure 3.13 Normalized CW-OSL curves for different kinetic...Figure 3.14 Generalized phenomenological model for...Figure 3.15 First-order (+) and second-order (x) TL glowFigure 3.16 Comparison of TL curves obtained using (a)...Figure 3.17 TL glow curves for an IMTS model with three...Figure 3.18 A comparison of two photoionization cross...Figure 3.19 CW-OSL: Example numerical solutions of the...Figure 3.20 Potential trap energy distributions: (a) Linear,...Figure 3.21 (a) A comparison of TL peaks (OTOR model,...Figure 3.22 A comparison of CW-OSL curves (OTOR model...Figure 3.23 An example of use of the Fredholm equation...Figure 3.24 Deconvolution of an LM-OSL curve to reveal...Figure 3.25 TL curves and P and Q factors for a variety of conditions...Figure 3.26 Configurational coordinate diagram indicating...Figure 3.27 (a) The luminescence efficiency function...Figure 3.28 (a) Schön-Klasens mechanism for thermal quenching...Figure 3.29 POSL decay time as a function of temperature for...Figure 3.30 (a) IMST model with a shallow trap (trap 1),...Figure 3.31 Model for TT-OSL. The model consists of shallow...Figure 3.32 Schematic representation using the energy-band model...Figure 3.33 Schematic representation of the fluctuations in the...Figure 3.34 A 3T2R, IMTS model consisting of three traps and...Figure 3.35 Bleaching of the various trap concentrations during...Figure 3.36 (a) Changes in the various concentrations during...Figure 3.37 Changes in the concentration of trapped electrons in trap...Figure 3.38 (a) Simulation of the changes in the concentration of...Figure 3.39 (a) Changes in the PTTL peak area (black dots) or...Figure 3.40 (a) Delocalized wavefunction...Figure 3.41 When the electron and hole traps are spatially close...Figure 3.42 (a) Probability of tunneling, given...Figure 3.43 (a) Normalized distribution...Figure 3.44 (a) Model for excited state tunneling, showing an excitationFigure 3.45 Excited state tunneling showing (a) the change in theFigure 3.46 (a) The t^–1...Figure 3.47 Two possible configurations of donor (electron trap)Figure 3.48 The semi-localized transition model of Mandowski...Figure 3.49 Solutions to Equations 3.134 and 3.137, using thermal...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 (a) Configurational coordinate diagram...Figure 4.2 (a) Conceptual optical absorption band due to absorption...Figure 4.3 (a) Absorption (upper graph) and RPL emission bands...Figure 4.4 Conceptual diagram illustrating the buildup phenomenon...Figure 4.5 Simulations of the growth of the shallow traps (ST)...Figure 4.6 The Eller et al. (2013) model for RPL and buildup in...Figure 4.7 A conceptual model for the trapping of electrons and holes...Figure 4.8 Examples solutions to Equations 4.5 and 4.11 showing...Figure 4.9 Comparison of the RPL growth during irradiationFigure 4.10 (a) Dependence of the growth of RPL centers on temperature...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) First-order TL peaks, calculated using the Randall...Figure 5.2 (a) The principle of step annealing and the definition of...Figure 5.3 (a) “Saw-tooth” heating profile for the method of...Figure 5.4 Results of the IRM using the Gobrecht-Hofmann...Figure 5.5 Schematic illustration of the method of the Van...Figure 5.6 Concept for the...Figure 5.7 A schematic representation of the...Figure 5.8 (a) By choosing a particular temperature T in...Figure 5.9 (a) TL glow curve consisting of three first-order peaks...Figure 5.10 The same analysis as...Figure 5.11 Definitions of the temperatures...Figure 5.12 Variation of the shape...Figure 5.13 (a) First-order TL...Figure 5.14 (a) Schematic of the...Figure 5.15 (a) Glow curves made...Figure 5.16 An example fit (red...Figure 5.17 Parameters...Figure 5.18 Two TL peaks for...Figure 5.19 Fitting of “pseudo...Figure 5.20 (a) A simulated distribution...Figure 5.21 (a) Top view of...Figure 5.22 Calculated TL glow curve...Figure 5.23 Calculated data for a...Figure 5.24 Simulated temperature dependence of...Figure 5.25 Illustration of the change...Figure 5.26 (a) Variation in the...Figure 5.27 (a) Variation in the...Figure 5.28 Variation in...Figure 5.29 (a) CW-OSL and...Figure 5.30 Top row: fits to...Figure 5.31 A “pseudo-LM...Figure 5.32 Variation in the LM...Figure 5.33 CW-OSL curves (top...Figure 5.34 In the lower right...Figure 5.35 (a) Assumed Gaussian distribution...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 (a) The OTOR model...Figure 6.2 Schematic examples of dose...Figure 6.3 Linear-supralinear-saturating dose...Figure 6.4 Same plot as Figure...Figure 6.5 A supralinear then linear...Figure 6.6 A 2T1R interactive model...Figure 6.7 Numerical solutions to Equations...Figure 6.8 Supralinear dose-response relationship...Figure 6.9 A 1T2R interactive model...Figure 6.10 Example results for the...Figure 6.11 Schematic notion of an...Figure 6.12 Schematic model of a...Figure 6.13 (a) A 2T2R competition...Figure 6.14 Changes in TL glow...Figure 6.15 Changes in CW-OSL...Figure 6.16 Schematic visualization of (a...Figure 6.17 Track structure for three...Figure 6.18 (a) Schematic radial dose...Figure 6.19 The concept of track...Figure 6.20 (a) First-nearest-neighbor...Figure 6.21 Schematic representation of the...Figure 6.22 (a) A simulated RPL...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (a) Normalized glow curve...Figure 7.2 (a) Normalized TSDC intensity...Figure 7.3 Typical optical absorption spectrum...Figure 7.4 Thermal stability of the...Figure 7.5 (a) Isometric plot of...Figure 7.6 Glow curves from TLD...Figure 7.7 Conceptual notion of trap...Figure 7.8 (a) Fit to the...Figure 7.9 T...Figure 7.10 Changes in various optical...Figure 7.11 TL response of TL...Figure 7.12 TL as a function...Figure 7.13 Plots of...Figure 7.14 (a) TL glow curves...Figure 7.15 An XRD spectrum for...Figure 7.16 TL glow curves for...Figure 7.17 Optical absorption for LiF...Figure 7.18 An isometric plot of...Figure 7.19 Example TL emission spectrum...Figure 7.20 Changes to the glow...Figure 7.21 Changes to the TL...Figure 7.22 A semi-transparent overlay...Figure 7.23 The dose-response characteristics...Figure 7.24 TL Efficiency...Figure 7.25 (a) Supralinearity index (dose...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Crystal lattice (HCP) for...Figure 8.2 (a) Optical absorption spectrum...Figure 8.3 (a) CW-OSL, (b...Figure 8.4 (a) OSL simulation and...Figure 8.5 Flat band diagram indicating...Figure 8.6 Top: Variation of the...Figure 8.7 POSL emission spectrum from...Figure 8.8 LM-OSL curves for...Figure 8.9 (a) A VE-OSL...Figure 8.10 Experimental TA-OSL (TA...Figure 8.11 CW-OSL curves from...Figure 8.12 Dose-response function for...Figure 8.13 (a) Example CW-OSL...Figure 8.14 Supralinearity index...Figure 8.15 Ratio of the...Figure 8.16 Different methodologies for using...Figure 8.17 Results using the methods...Figure 8.18 CW-OSL relative efficiency...Figure 8.19 (a) Fluence-response characteristics for high-energy...Figure 8.20 Comparison of the dependence on pre-heat temperature...

9 Chapter 7Figure 9.1 AlNa₃...Figure 9.2 EPR spectrum at room...Figure 9.3 Optical absorption spectrum for...Figure 9.4 (a) The model of...Figure 9.5 (a) Emission and (b...Figure 9.6 Emission spectrum (325 nm...Figure 9.7 A normalized RPL decay...Figure 9.8 (a) Changes to optical...Figure 9.9 (a) Buildup of RPL...Figure 9.10 RPL buildup curves for...Figure 9.11 Dependence of the buildup...Figure 9.12 (a) UV reversal of...Figure 9.13 Dose-response functions at...Figure 9.14 Changes to the orange...Figure 9.15 Optical absorption from Ag...Figure 9.16 Estimated penetration of stimulation...Figure 9.17 Dose-response functions at...Figure 9.18 Changes to the emission...Figure 9.19 RPL emission spectra from...Figure 9.20 (a) Orange RPL dose...Figure 9.21 Relative RPL efficiency of...Figure 9.22 Optical absorption spectra of...Figure 9.23 Structure of the...Figure 9.24 Excitation-emission spectra for...Figure 9.25 An FNTD image of...Figure 9.26 “3-D”...Figure 9.27 Mean track amplitude histograms...Figure 9.28 Luminescence amplitude for track images...Figure 9.29 Al₂...Figure 9.30 Track density versus neutron dose for...Figure 9.31 Optical absorption in beta-irradiated, pure...Figure 9.32 F- and F₂-centers in LiF.Figure 9.33 Excitation and emission spectra...Figure 9.34 FNTD images of ⁵⁶Fe...Figure 9.35 Three-dimensional FNTD images...Figure 9.36 Luminescence intensity distributions in...Figure 9.37 Track luminescence intensity versus LET...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Compositional phase diagram for feldspar.Figure 10.2 Structure of feldspar based on...Figure 10.3 Conceptual representation of random potential...Figure 10.4 Translation of Figure 10.3 into a...Figure 10.5 Stimulation (excitation) spectra for IRSL...Figure 10.6 Temperature dependence of the IRSL...Figure 10.7 (a) IRSL decay curves at 10 K and 300 K,...Figure 10.8 Stimulation (excitation) spectra for OSL...Figure 10.9 CW-OSL decay curve at room temperature...Figure 10.10 Changes in the TL glow curves from microcline...Figure 10.11 TL from an andesine sample irradiated at room...Figure 10.12 Variation of...Figure 10.13 Excitation and emission spectra for RPL...Figure 10.14 Decay of the RPL signal from K-feldspar...Figure 10.15 Example composition distribution for...Figure 10.16 Example possible aluminosilicate glass...Figure 10.17 A collection of OSL decay curves from...Figure 10.18 (a) Normalized BLSL and GLSL CW-OSL curves...Figure 10.19 Excitation spectra for aluminosilicate glass from...Figure 10.20 A comparison of two BLSL curves from...Figure 10.21 (a) BLSL fading curves for a variety of GG...Figure 10.22 Dose-response functions for aluminosilicate...Figure 10.23 (a) Typical TL glow curve from an aluminosilicate...Figure 10.24 TL emission spectrum from an aluminosilicate...Figure 10.25 T_m-T...Figure 10.26 (a) A “pseudo” TL glow curve...Figure 10.27 (a) Fading of the TL from the 470 K to 513 K...