Читать книгу AutoCAD 3D Modeling - Steve Heather - Страница 9
ОглавлениеLEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson you will be able to:
1. Select a basic 3D Tool.
2. Create a Solid Box.
3. Create a Solid Cylinder.
4. Create a Solid Cone.
5. Create a Solid Sphere.
6. Create a Solid Pyramid.
7. Create a Solid Wedge.
8. Create a Solid Torus.
In this lesson you will learn how to create 7 basic 3D solid shapes. There are various methods you can use to initiate the commands. The choice is entirely yours regarding which method you choose.
Method 1 – Modeling Panel on the 3D Tools Tab on the Drafting and Annotation Workspace.
By default the 3D Tools Tab is hidden on the Drafting and Annotation Workspace. To show the 3D Tools Tab do the following.
1. Right click on any Panel of the Workspace Ribbon. For example, right click on the Draw Panel of the Home Tab.
2. Select Show Tabs from the list.
3. Select 3D Tools from the list.
4. Select the 3D Tools Tab.
5. Select the Box drop-down arrow on the Modeling Panel of the 3D Tools Tab.
6. Select a 3D Tool from the list. For example, Box.
Method 2 – Modeling Panel of the Home Tab on the 3D Modeling Workspace.
The Drafting and Annotation Workspace is the default Workspace in AutoCAD. To enable the 3D Modeling Workspace do the following.
1. Select the Workspace Switching icon on the Status Bar in the bottom right-hand corner for AutoCAD version 2015 or later. (Note: Earlier versions of AutoCAD will be different. The Workspace Switching is located on the Quick Access Toolbar in the top left-hand corner. See images below.)
2. Select 3D Modeling from the list. The Ribbon will now change to the 3D Modeling Workspace.
3. Select the Box drop-down arrow on the Modeling Panel of the Home Tab.
4. Select a 3D Tool from the list. For example, Sphere.
Method 3 – Draw pull-down Menu on the Menu Bar.
The Menu Bar is hidden by default on all Workspaces in AutoCAD. To enable the Menu Bar do the following.
1. Select the drop-down arrow on the Quick Access Toolbar.
2. Select Show Menu Bar from the list. The Menu Bar will now appear across the top of the Workspace Ribbon.
3. Select the Draw pull-down Menu.
4. Select Modeling from the list.
5. Select a 3D Tool from the list. For example, Pyramid.
Method 4 – Keyboard entry.
Method 4 is probably the easiest way to initiate a 3D Modeling command if you prefer to use keyboard entry. You can use keyboard entry for all commands within AutoCAD. To initiate a 3D modeling command using keyboard entry do the following.
1. On the Command Line or in the Dynamic Input Box, type in the name of the 3D Modeling tool you require. For example, wedge. (Lowercase is OK.)
2. Press <enter> on your keyboard.
Note: The Dynamic Input Box will appear when you start to type in the main drawing area. Make sure Dynamic Input is turned ON for this lesson. Pressing F12 on your keyboard toggles Dynamic Input on or off.
There are several methods you can use to create a Solid Box. The information you have for the size and position of the Box will determine the method you use to create it.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Using a start position, diagonal corner position and height of the Box.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users. (Refer to page Intro-2.)
2. Select the SE Isometric view. (Refer to page Intro-7.)
3. Select the Box tool. (Refer to pages 1-2 through 1-5.)
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Move your mouse down and to the right. (For X+ and Y+ positions.)
6. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: type in 6,4 [152.4,101.6] then press <enter> (P2).
7. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
8. Specify height or [2Point]: type in 3 [76.2] then press <enter> (P3).
A solid Box has been created with a length (X+ Axis) of 6” [152.4 mm], a width (Y+ Axis) of 4” [101.6 mm], and a height (Z+ Axis) of 3” [76.2 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0.
Note: The solid Box is displayed in Conceptual style. (Refer to page Intro-9.)
Method 2 – Using a start position, length, width and height of the Box.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Box tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Move your mouse up and to the left. (For X– and Y– positions.)
6. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: type in L then press <enter>.
Note: When using the Length method, make sure Ortho Mode is turned on by pressing F8 on your keyboard or by selecting the Ortho icon on the Status Bar. This constrains the cursor to just horizontal and vertical movements. (Refer to page Intro-11.)
7. Specify length: type in 5.25 [133.35] then press <enter>.
8. Specify width: type in 3.2 [81.28] then press <enter>.
9. Move your mouse down. (For Z– position.)
10. Specify height or [2Point]: type in 2.5 [63.5] then press <enter>.
A solid Box has been created with a length (X– Axis) of 5.25” [133.35 mm], a width (Y– Axis) of 3.2” [81.28 mm], and a height (Z– Axis) of 2.5” [63.5 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0.
Method 3 – Using a start position, with the length, width and height of the Box all having the same dimensions.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Box tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Move your mouse up and to the right. (For X– , Y+ and Z+ positions.)
6. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: type in C then press <enter>.
7. Specify length: type in 5 [127] then press <enter>.
A solid Box has been created with a length (X– Axis) of 5” [127 mm], a width (Y+ Axis) of 5” [127 mm], and a height (Z+ Axis) of 5” [127 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0.
Method 4 – Using the center position of the Box, a corner position and height.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Box tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in C then press <enter>.
5. Specify center: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
6. Move your mouse to the right.
7. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: type in 3,3,1 [76.2,76.2,25.4] then press <enter>.
A solid Box has been created with an overall length of 6” [152.4 mm], an overall width of 6” [152.4 mm], and an overall height of 2” [50.8 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the center of the Box.
Note: Ortho Mode is automatically turned off using this method. It turns back on after the command is complete.
Note: The solid Box is displayed in 2D Wireframe style for clarity. (Refer to page Intro-9 to display the box in Conceptual or Realistic style.)
There are various methods you can use to create a Solid Cylinder. The information you have for the size and position of the Cylinder will determine the method you use to create it.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Using the base center position of the Cylinder, a radius and height.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Cylinder tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: type in 3,2,0 [76.2,50.8,0] on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify base radius or [Diameter]: type in 1.5 [38.1] then press <enter>.
6. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
7. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint]: type in 3 [76.2] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Cylinder has been created with a radius of 1.5” [38.1 mm], and a height of 3” [76.2 mm]. And with a start position of X3” [76.2 mm], Y2” [50.8 mm], Z0 at the base center of the Cylinder.
Note: The base of the Cylinder is located on the “X, Y” plane and with the height of the Cylinder in the “Z” plane.
Method 2 – Using the base center position of the Cylinder, a diameter and height.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Cylinder tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: type in –1,–2,0 [–25.4,–50.8,0] on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify base radius or [Diameter]: type in D then press <enter>.
6. Specify diameter: type in 2.8 [71.12] then press <enter>.
7. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
8. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint]: type in 4.25 [107.95] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Cylinder has been created with a diameter of 2.8” [71.12 mm], and a height of 4.25” [107.95 mm]. And with a start position of X–1” [–25.4 mm], Y–2” [–50.8 mm], Z0 at the base center of the Cylinder.
Note: The base of the Cylinder is located on the “X, Y” plane and with the height of the Cylinder in the “Z” axis.
Method 3 – Using the base center position of the Cylinder, a radius and axis endpoint.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Cylinder tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify base radius or [Diameter]: type in 1.181 [30] then press <enter>.
6. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint]: type in A then press <enter>.
7. Turn on Ortho Mode (F8) then move your mouse up and to the right. (For Y+ position.)
8. Specify axis endpoint: type in 3.937 [100] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Cylinder has been created with a radius of 1.181” [30 mm], and a length of 3.937” [l00 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the base center of the Cylinder.
Note: The base of the Cylinder is located on the “X, Z” plane and with the length of the Cylinder in the “Y” axis.
There are 2 methods you can use to create a Solid Cone. You can create a Cone with an apex (sharp point), or a truncated Cone, which has a flat top parallel to the base.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Using the base center position of the Cone, a radius and height.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Cone tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify base radius or [Diameter]: type in 1.125 [28.57] then press <enter>.
6. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
7. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: type in 2.75 [69.85] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Cone has been created with a radius of 1.125” [28.57 mm], and a height of 2.75” [69.85 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the base center of the Cone.
Note: The base of the Cone is located on the “X, Y” plane and with the height of the Cone in the “Z” axis. (You can also create a Cone using the axis endpoint. Refer to page 1-12.)
Method 2 – Using the base center position of the Cone, a base radius, a top radius and height.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Cone tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify base radius or [Diameter]: type in 1.5 [38.1] then press <enter>.
6. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: type in T then press <enter>.
7. Specify top radius: type in .5 [12.7] then press <enter>.
8. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
9. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint]: type in 2.5 [63.5] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Cone has been created with a base radius of 1.5” [38.1 mm], a top radius of 0.5” [12.7 mm], and a height of 2.5” [63.5 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the base center of the Cone.
Note: The base of the Cone is located on the “X, Y” plane and with the height of the Cone in the “Z” axis. (You can also create a Cone using the axis endpoint. Refer to page 1-12.)
A Solid Sphere can be created by specifying the center point location and a radius or diameter for the size.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Using the center position of the Sphere and radius.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Sphere tool.
4. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify radius or [Diameter]: type in 1.575 [40] then press <enter>.
Note: If you want to enter the diameter of the Sphere type in D then press <enter>, then type in the diameter and press <enter> again.
A solid Sphere has been created with a radius of 1.575” [40 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the center of the Sphere.
There are various methods you can use to create a Solid Pyramid. You can create a Pyramid that has the base circumscribed around a radius, or you can have the base inscribed within a radius. You can also have the Pyramid as an apex (sharp point), or a truncated Pyramid, which has a flat top parallel to the base. You can choose to have between 3 and 32 sides for the pyramid.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Using the center position of the Pyramid with the base circumscribed around a radius.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Pyramid tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: type in S on your keyboard then press <enter>.
5. Enter number of sides [4]: type in 6 then press <enter>.
6. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: type in 0,0,0 then press <enter> (P1).
7. Specify base radius or [Inscribed]: type in 1.4 [35.56] then press <enter>.
8. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
9. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: type in 4 [101.6] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Pyramid with 6 sides has been created with the base circumscribed around a radius of 1.4” [35.56 mm], and a height of 4” [101.6 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the center of the Pyramid.
Method 2 – Using the center position of the Pyramid with the base inscribed within a radius.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Pyramid tool.
4. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: type in S on your keyboard then press <enter>.
5. Enter number of sides [4]: type in 6 then press <enter>.
6. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: type in 0,0,0 then press <enter> (P1).
7. Specify base radius or [Inscribed]: type in I (for Inscribed) then press <enter>.
8. Specify base radius or [Circumscribed]: type in 1.4 [35.56] then press <enter>.
9. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
10. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: type in 4 [101.6] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Pyramid with 6 sides has been created with the base inscribed within a radius of 1.4” [35.56 mm], and a height of 4” [101.6 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the center of the Pyramid.
Note: You can also create a truncated Pyramid, which has a flat top parallel to the base. (Refer to page 1-14.)
There are various methods you can use to create a Solid Wedge. The information you have for the size and position of the Wedge will determine the method you use to create it.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Using a start position, diagonal corner position and height of the Wedge.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Wedge tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Move your mouse down and to the right. (For X+ and Y+ positions.)
6. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: type in 3.5,2.5 [88.9,63.5] then press <enter> (P2). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
7. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
8. Specify height or [2Point]: type in 2.5 [63.5] then press <enter> (P3).
A solid Wedge has been created with a length (X+ Axis) of 3.5” [88.9 mm], a width (Y+ Axis) of 2.5” [63.5 mm], and a height (Z+ Axis) of 2.5” [63.5 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0.
Method 2 – Using a start position, length, width and height of the Wedge.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Wedge tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Move your mouse down and to the right. (For X+ and Y+ positions.)
6. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: type in L (for Length) then press <enter>.
Note: When using the Length method, make sure Ortho Mode is turned on by pressing F8 on your keyboard or by selecting the Ortho icon on the Status Bar. This constrains the cursor to just horizontal and vertical movements.
7. Specify length: type in 3.937 [100] then press <enter>.
8. Specify width: type in 1.968 [50] then press <enter>.
9. Move your mouse up. (For Z+ position.)
10. Specify height or [2Point]: type in 1.968 [50] then press <enter> (P2).
A solid Wedge has been created with a length (X+ Axis) of 3.937” [100 mm], a width (Y+ Axis) of 1.968” [50 mm], and a height (Z+ Axis) of 1.968” [50 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0.
Method 3 – Using a start position, with the length, width and height of the Wedge all having the same dimensions.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Wedge tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Move your mouse to the right. (For X+ , Y+ and Z+ positions.)
6. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: type in C then press <enter>.
7. Specify length: type in 2.953 [75] then press <enter>.
A solid Wedge has been created with a length (X+ Axis) of 2.953” [75 mm], a width (Y+ Axis) of 2.953” [75 mm], and a height (Z+ Axis) of 2.953” [75 mm] And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0.
Method 4 – Using the center position of the Wedge, a corner position and height.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Wedge tool.
4. Specify first corner or [Center]: type in C then press <enter>.
5. Specify center: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
6. Move your mouse to the right.
7. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: type in 3,3,1.5 [76.2,76.2,38.1] then press <enter>.
A solid Wedge has been created with an overall length of 6” [152.4 mm], an overall width of 6” [152.4 mm], and an overall height of 3” [76.2 mm]. And with a start position of X0, Y0, Z0 at the center of the Wedge.
There are 3 shapes you can create using the Torus command.
Note: The sizes shown in brackets [...] are for metric users. Enter the numbers without the brackets. For example, [12.7] just enter 12.7
Method 1 – Donut shape. The Torus radius is greater than the tube radius.
1. Start a new drawing file by selecting either acad.dwt for inch users, or acadiso.dwt for metric users.
2. Select the SE Isometric view.
3. Select the Torus tool.
4. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: type in 0,0,0 on your keyboard then press <enter> (P1). (You can also place the cursor in any position and then left click with your mouse.)
5. Specify radius or [Diameter]: type in 1.5 [38.1] on your keyboard then press <enter>.
6. Specify tube radius or [2Point/Diameter]: type in .5 [12.7] then press <enter>.
