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CONTENTS

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction What Do You Think About Same-Sex Marriage? Gender, Sexuality and Sociology Essentialism in Classical Sociological Thinking The Structure of the Text Notes and Resources for Further Study

Part I The Development of Sociological Thought on Gender and Sexuality Introduction: The Unfortunate President 1 The Trouble with ‘Nature’ 1.1 ‘One is Not Born But Becomes a Woman’: Identifying ‘Essentialism’ 1.2 Identifying Gender: First Wave Feminism 1.3 Consequences of Sex–Gender Beliefs: The ‘Deviant’ Homosexual 1.4 Defining Gender: The Second Wave 2 Sociological Challenges to Essentialism 2.1 The Feminine Mystique and Liberal Feminism 2.2 Radical Feminism and the Concept of ‘Patriarchy’ 2.3 Radical Feminist Approaches to Sexuality 2.4 Sexuality and Social Structure: ‘Compulsory Heterosexuality’ and the Politics of Lesbianism 2.5 Gay Liberation and the Beginnings of Sociology of Homosexuality: Challenging ‘Deviance’ 2.6 Marxist Feminism, Capitalism and Patriarchy 2.7 Gay Identity and Capitalism 2.8 Women’s ‘Difference’ 2.9 Sexuality, Knowledge and Power: The Impact of Foucault 2.10 Significant Absences in Second Wave Feminism and Gay Liberation Learning Outcomes Notes and Resources for Further Study

Part II Inequalities and Social Structure Introduction: Local and Global Structuring of Gender and Sexual Inequalities 3 Gender, Sexuality and Structural Inequality 3.1 Approaches to Social Structure 3.2 The Gendered and Sexual Landscape of Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth- Century Western Societies 3.3 Structural Sociology and the Neglect of Women 3.4 Early Critical Approaches 3.5 From ‘Sex Roles’ to ‘Sexual Divisions’ 4 The Idea of Patriarchy 4.1 Women’s Subordination and Sexual Exclusion in the Early 1970s 4.2 The Influence of Marxism: Capitalism, Patriarchy and Sexual Politics 4.3 Relations of Production: Theorizing Women’s Paid and Unpaid Work 4.4 Relations of Reproduction: Marxism, Feminism and Motherhood 4.5 Sexuality, Sexual Exploitation and Institutionalized Heterosexuality 4.6 Ideology, Discourse and Culture 4.7 Challenging White Feminism 5 Rethinking Gendered and Sexual Inequalities 5.1 The Persistence of Material Inequalities into the Twenty- First Century 5.2 New Materialisms 5.3 The Structural Dimensions of Gender and Sexuality 5.4 The Idea of Intersectionality 5.5 Global Modernity, Global Inequality and the Ordering of Gender and Sexuality Learning Outcomes Notes and Resources for Further Study

Part III Culture, Ideology and Discourse Introduction: The End of a ‘Queer’ Era? 6 Gender and Sexuality as Cultural Constructs 6.1 Identifying Patriarchal Culture 6.2 Religion, Culture and the Sexual 6.3 The Advent of Scientific Essentialism 6.4 Essentialism and Bourgeois Victorian Culture 6.5 From Sexology to Psychology: Freud and Psychoanalysis in the Twentieth Century 6.6 The Persistence of Scientific Essentialism into the Twenty- First Century 7 Critical Perspectives on Knowledge 7.1 ‘Biology as Ideology’: The Problem with ‘Natural’ Science 7.2 Science as One of Many ‘Knowledges’: From Ideology to Discourse 7.3 The Challenge of the ‘Cultural Turn’ in Social Theory 7.4 Queer Theory: Deconstructing Identity 7.5 Embodied Sociology 7.6 Differences of Race: Intersectionality Theory and the Critique of White Feminist Knowledge 8 The Complexity of Contemporary Culture 8.1 Everyday Culture: Language and Meaning 8.2 Sexual Objectification in Popular Culture 8.3 Racialized Gender and Sexualized Race 8.4 Lesbian and Gay Stereotypes 8.5 Masculinities in Crisis? 8.6 Postmodern or Late Modern Culture? Learning Outcomes Notes and Resources for Further Study

Part IV Self, Identity and Agency Introduction: Living with Multiple Identities 9 The Socialization Paradigm and Its Critics 9.1 Socialized Selves 9.2 Ethnomethodology: ‘Doing’ Gender and Sexuality 9.3 Doing, Being and the Reflexive Self 9.4 Sexual Selves and Sexual Scripts 10 Becoming Gendered and Sexual 10.1 From Gender Attribution to Gender Identity 10.2 From Gendered Selves to Sexual Selves 10.3 Negotiating Gendered and Sexual Identities 11 Sexual Selves in Global Late Modernity 11.1 Normative Heterosexuality and Alternative Sexualities 11.2 Modern Western Transformations of Self and Identity 11.3 Globalized Identities, Global Social Change Learning Outcomes Notes and Resources for Further Study

9  Part V Conclusion Introduction 12 Power, Politics, Identities and Social Change 12.1 ’18 Million Cracks’: The Triumph of Liberal Feminism? 12.2 Sometimes, It’s (Still) Hard to be a Woman (and Really Hard to be Non-Heterosexual and/or Non-White): Structural Inequalities, Intersecting Oppressions and Hetero-Orthodoxy 12.3 The Persistence of (Reflexive) Essentialism Notes and Resources for Further Study

10  Bibliography

11  Index

12  End User License Agreement

List of Table

1 Chapter 4Table 4.1. Varieties of feminism in the 1970s

2 Chapter 5Table 5.1. Contrasting sexual lives: the distribution of choice and constraint

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction

Begin Reading

Bibliography

Index

End User License Agreement

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Gender and Sexuality

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