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Part II is concerned with the ways in which gender and sexuality are socially patterned and ordered.We will therefore focus on social structural perspectives, which emphasize the ‘systems’ and institutions that generate social divisions and inequalities – including gender and sexual inequalities. In Chapter 3 we will consider early sociological accounts of gender and sexual inequality and how they laid the foundations for later, more radical approaches. We will move on, in Chapter 4, to second wave feminist theories of patriarchy and capitalism and explore how sexuality, once largely neglected by sociologists, came to be seen as a further source of inequality, closely related to gender through the institutionalization of heterosexuality. In Chapter 5 we will discuss more recent developments, particularly the increasing appreciation of the ways in which gender and sexuality intersect with other social divisions and inequalities such as class and race. Here we will also address the impact of social change in our late modern, globalized social world.