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1 ¹ This case concerned an Arkansas state law that prohibited the teaching of the Darwinian theory of evolution in the schools. The Supreme Court held the law to be an unconstitutional violation of First Amendment safeguards of freedom of speech and inquiry and belief.

2 ² The term “handicaps,” rather than “disability,” is used when historically accurate.

3 ³ Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

4 ⁴ Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.

5 ⁵ Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

6 ⁶ As used by NASP (2017b), the acronym LGBTQ+ is intended to be inclusive of students of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and/or gender expressions.