Читать книгу Eco-design of Marine Infrastructures - Sylvain Pioch - Страница 3

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Public presentation panel on port biodiversity in the port of Kernév...Figure 1.2. Eco-design project methodology (top blue arrow) compared to a standa...Figure 1.3. Diagram of the definition of nature-based solutions, proposed by the...Figure 1.4. Kushimoto Marine Park, protected for the value of underwater landsca...Figure 1.5. The concept of Sato-umi, where humans interact with the aquatic envi...Figure 1.6. General approach to conducting an environmental impact assessment (F...Figure 1.7. The extent of the natural public maritime domain in France (Article ...Figure 1.8. Maritime boundaries and spaces of coastal state jurisdiction (MEB 20...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Coastal stages, domains, zones and maritime provinces. For a color v...Figure 2.2. World surface covered by the continental shelf represented in bluish...Figure 2.3. Sea-level evolution over the past 40,000 years (source: Pinot (1998)...Figure 2.4. The pink sandstone coast in Erquy, Côtes-d’Armor. Coastal landscape ...Figure 2.5. Cliffs at Étretat in France (photo: J.-C. Souche)Figure 2.6. Profile of a beach exposed to prevailing westerly swells at Étel in ...Figure 2.7. Beach and dune of Espiguette in the Gard (photo: J. Bougis)Figure 2.8. Coastal mudflat in the cove of Sauzon (photo: J. Bougis)Figure 2.9. Seabeds colonized by coral reefs (red), seagrass beds (green) and ma...Figure 2.10. Coral bleaching in 2016, Reunion Island (photo: MAREX/J.-B. Nicet)Figure 2.11. Rockfill groins, Espiguette beach, Gard, Mediterranean Sea (photo: ...Figure 2.12. Rock breakwater, port of Bastia (photo: J.-C. Souche)Figure 2.13. Ospedaletti-type ECOPODE™ and ACCROPODE™II blocks (photo: E. Cunge)Figure 2.14. Geotube® breakwater (source: commercial documentation – TenCate Geo...Figure 2.15. Narbonne-Plage, low wall at the top of the beach to contain the san...Figure 2.16. La Flotte-en-Ré, Louis-Philippe-era masonry riprap (built in the mi...Figure 2.17. La Ciotat, wave protection wall of the shipyards at the top of the ...Figure 2.18. View of the port of Marseille, old port and western basins (photo: ...Figure 2.19. Criteria used to establish a portFigure 2.20. a) Example of a marina, Grande-Motte harbor; b) Example of a commer...Figure 2.21. Example of a typical cross-section of a coastline to be developed9 ...Figure 2.22. Example of the operation of a dry dock (source: B. Sigros and J.-C....Figure 2.23. Bassin du Roy, boats at anchor, port of Le Havre (photo: J.-C. Souc...Figure 2.24. Example of the operation of a deepwater port (source: B. Sigros, J....Figure 2.25. Example of the marina of La Rochelle (photo: J.-C. Souche)Figure 2.26. Example of the operation of a wet dock (source: B. Sigros and J.-C....Figure 2.27. Example of the Sables-d’Olonne wet dock (photo: J.-C. Souche)Figure 2.28. Example of the Saint-Malo wet dock (photo: J.-C. Souche)Figure 2.29. Design phase execution process of a developmentFigure 2.30. Diagram of the semi-diurnal tidal cycleFigure 2.31. Photograph of the swell (photo: course materials from the École des...Figure 2.32. Characteristic parameters of the swellFigure 2.33. Three types of breakers according to the slope of the seabed (sourc...Figure 2.34. Reflection of the swell on a vertical wall and the formation of the...Figure 2.35. Wave diffraction in the vicinity of a harbor breakwater (source: ma...Figure 2.36. Stages of project implementation and phasing of associated geotechn...Figure 2.37. Identification of high corrosion zones based on water levels (sourc...Figure 2.38. Typical identification of a concrete for the ready-mix concrete pla...Figure 2.39. Synoptic of the approach of performance formulation of concretes (N...Figure 2.40. Synoptic outline of the tasks and missions of the marine civil engi...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Photomontage of an eco-designed offshore wind turbine foundation (La...Figure 3.2. Presence of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and barnacles (Chtha...Figure 3.3. Biophysical functioning: example of a port project in an estuarine a...Figure 3.4. Simplified example of an objective of bio-inspiration from natural h...Figure 3.5. Estuarine ecological functioning: the eco-designed harbor is integra...Figure 3.6. From the concept to the marine eco-design approach (S. Pioch)Figure 3.7. Proposal for the five principles for the implementation of an eco-de...Figure 3.8. Stakeholders involved in an eco-design approach and the relationship...Figure 3.9. The eco-design approach, a systemic, AGILE approach. For a color ver...Figure 3.10. Project owner programming stage, supplementary to the eco-design. F...Figure 3.11. Usual project management assignments for a marine engineering offic...Figure 3.12. The eco-design approach for engineering, a systemic and ambitious a...Figure 3.13. Adaptation of project management assignments for the consideration ...Figure 3.14. Port of Sète, dock H, presence of mussels on a metal ladder (photo:...Figure 3.15. Compositional, structural and functional approach to a biocenosis (...Figure 3.16. Organization and connectivity of critical habitats for marine organ...Figure 3.17. Movement between critical fish habitats: a) continuous ecosystem; b...Figure 3.18. Illustration of the effect of substrate and habitat on colonization...Figure 3.19. Three harbor areas (in particular, the hydrodynamics), creating thr...Figure 3.20. Port and periportal species and their developmental stages in the M...Figure 3.21. Intra-port species in a Mediterranean port from top left to bottom ...Figure 3.22. Types of target species based on their relationship with artificial...Figure 3.23. Summary diagram of the constituents of concrete (J.-C. Souche)Figure 3.24. Methodology of the performance approach (from CIMbéton documents). ...Figure 3.25. Methodological parallel between the performance approach (in red) a...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Photos of colonization of concrete disks after immersion in the port...Figure 4.2. Test tubes in a controlled environment at the Ifremer marine experim...Figure 4.3. References and feedback presented in this book. Geographical locatio...Figure 4.4. Map of Mayotte and in the blue ellipse the DWS pipeline between Mamo...Figure 4.5. Boundary flag indicating the underwater route (yellow dashes) of the...Figure 4.6. Cubic concrete weights classically used in marine civil engineering ...Figure 4.7. Sketch of an “écocavalier” with habitats created to reduce the impac...Figure 4.8. Ground plan of the route and distribution of the different types of ...Figure 4.9. Reinforcement of the pipe weights, functional drawing (design: J.-C....Figure 4.10. Monitoring of the colonization of structures in 2009 after one mont...Figure 4.11. Ecocavaliers for ballasting the Mayotte marine pipeline (photo: R. ...Figure 4.12. Immersion of artificial reef by Seaboost (photo: R. Dumay)Figure 4.13. Developing rocky seabeds with artificial fishery habitats ecologica...Figure 4.14. Example of an artificial habitat mimicking a natural drop-off shelt...Figure 4.15. Example of increase in total biomass through the installation of ar...Figure 4.16. Schematic of the design of artificial habitats inspired by nature t...Figure 4.17. Ecological functions for the maintenance and development of target ...Figure 4.18. a) Immersion of two prototype structures off Agde in September 2009...Figure 4.19. Adult seabream (Diplodus sargus) during the breeding season, settle...Figure 4.20. Proposed overall concept of port eco-design from 2009 where the por...Figure 4.21. Map cross-referencing ethological information and the different art...Figure 4.22. Pilot applications of eco-designed dock for port structures with th...Figure 4.23. Photomontage of the Calais Port 2015 extension project10Figure 4.24. Three-part segmentation of the north jetty for the protection of th...Figure 4.25. Photo of seabass shelter, in a typical habitat adapted to resting a...Figure 4.26. General view of the Sand Motor project site (photo: M. Stive)Figure 4.27. Locations of ECO Armor Blocks and standard blocks on the dike (Perk...Figure 4.28. Comparative colonization of standard “control” Antifer blocks (left...Figure 4.29. Headland Park seawall and detail of a basin created in sandstone, i...Figure 4.30. Ospedaletti Ecopode™ and Accropode™II. In this project, the Ecopode...Figure 4.31. Examples of colonization of artificial blocks of embankment shells ...Figure 4.32. View of the intertidal basins on the dike (photos: P. Hymery, Suez ...Figure 4.33. Location of the immersion site for the eco-designed artificial reef...Figure 4.34. Immersion sites for the structures (red square) at Ricantu bay (sou...Figure 4.35. Eco-engineered mooring for cardinal beacons (photo: J.-C. Souche)Figure 4.36. Concrete elements cast by Isula Services: a) counter-mold; b) mold ...Figure 4.37. Eco-designed artificial reefs and environmental monitoring (Gulf of...Figure 4.38. Plan view of the Principality of Monaco in 1880 (source: Princely G...Figure 4.39. Plan view of the Principality of Monaco in 1970 (source: Princely G...Figure 4.40. Artist’s plan view of a) the project and b) its waterfront (source:...Figure 4.41. Artist’s view of a) the harbor and b) the urban context (source: Pr...Figure 4.42. Layout of the offshore extension of the Portier cove (light blue ha...Figure 4.43. Elevation of the caissons with the planned eco-design provisions (s...Figure 4.44. Details of the “Amur” die-cutting on the posts of the Jarlan caisso...Figure 4.45. a) Grooving of the caissons, and b) sanded concrete surfaces (sourc...Figure 4.46. a) Diagram of the functioning of the ecosystem surrounding the arti...Figure 4.47. Artist’s view of the structures integrated into the design of the f...Figure 4.48. a) Effects of anchors on the seabed of the Caribbean coast; b) wild...Figure 4.49. Natural habitat-inspired skirts attached to buoys to prevent access...Figure 4.50. Eco-designed mooring system (design: S. Pioch, drawing: J.-C. Ascio...Figure 4.51. Juvenile colonization of an ecologically designed mooring system af...Figure 4.52. Location of the three sites (document: S. Delavigne, source: Caraïb...Figure 4.53. a) “Prison bar” effect of stilt roots of red mangrove (Rhizophora m...Figure 4.54. Eco-designed mooring system, artist’s view (design: S. Pioch and J....Figure 4.55. Mooring system for the HLP Bouillante operation in Guadeloupe (phot...Figure 4.56. The Abeille Flandres moored in the Gulf of Saint-Florent in Corsica...Figure 4.57. Docking capacities for yachts over 25 m in the Mediterranean (Desse...Figure 4.58. Schematic layout of the planned mooring installation in the Gulf of...Figure 4.59. The 34 ton eco-designed mooring ballast manufactured by LIB Industr...Figure 4.60. Example of small concrete anchors for side marker buoys; photos tak...Figure 4.61. Photomontages of mooring system ready to be equipped (mooring line ...Figure 4.62. New Coastal Road Project, Reunion Island, route and infrastructures...Figure 4.63. Eco-design of the medium part of the pillar (-5 to 10 m, colored in...Figure 4.64. Eco-design of the deeper part of the pillar (−10/20 m, colored in o...Figure 4.65. Offshore wind turbine installation on soft seabeds and biological f...Figure 4.66. Eco-design of offshore wind turbine foundations and cables: left, “...Figure 4.67. Ecological design of wind farms that also promotes multi-use throug...

5 ConclusionFigure C.1. Photograph from the “Ecoreef” series, where an artificial reef was i...