Читать книгу CELTIC MYTHOLOGY (Illustrated Edition) - T. W. Rolleston - Страница 71

Italics denote names found in Inscriptions.

IRELAND.	BRITAIN.	GAUL.
	Anextiomarus	Anextiomarus
Anu	Anna (?)	Anoniredi, "chariot of Anu"
Badb		Bodua
	Beli, Belinus	Belenos
	Belisama	Belisama
Brigit	Brigantia	Brigindu
Bron	Bran	Brennus (?)
Buanann		Buanu
Cumal	Camulos	Camulos
Danu	Dôn
	Epona	Epona
Goibniu	Govannon
	Grannos	Grannos
Ler	Llyr
Lug	Llew or Lleu (?)	Lugus, Lugores
	Mabon, Maponos	Maponos
Manannan	Manawyddan
	Matres	Matres
Mider		Medros (?)
	Modron	Matrona (?)
Nemon		Nemetona
Nét		Neton
Nuada	Nodons, Nudd
	Hael, Llûdd (?)
Ogma		Ogmíos
	Silvanus	Silvanus
	Taran	Taranis
	Totatis, Tutatis	Teutates

276. The text of the Mabinogion has been edited by Rh^ys and Evans, 1887, and it has been translated into English by Lady Guest, and more critically, into French, by Loth. Many of the Triads will be found in Loth's second volume. For the poetry see Skene, Four Ancient Books of Wales.

277. These incidents are found mainly in the story of Branwen, e.g. those of the cauldron, a frequent accessory in Irish tales; the regeneration of the warriors, also found in the story of Mag-tured, though no cauldron is used; the red-hot house, occurring also in Mesca Ulad; the description of Bran paralleled by that of MacCecht.

278. Anwyl, ZCP i. 277, ii. 124, iii. 122.

279. Bp. of S. Davids, Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynned, 1851; Rh^ys, TSC 1894-1895, 21.

280. Skene, i. 45; Meyer, TSC 1895-1896, 55.

281. Cf. John, The Mabinogion, 1901, 19. Curoi appears as Kubert, and Conchobar as Knychur in Kulhwych (Loth, i. 202). A poem of Taliesin has for subject the death of Corroi, son of Dayry (Curoi mac Daire), Skene, i. 254.

282. Loth, RC x. 356; John, op. cit. 19; Nutt, Arch. Rev. i. 331.

283. The giant Ysppadden in Kulhwych resembles Balor, but has no evil eye.

284. Anwyl, ZCP ii. 127-128, "The merging of the two legends of Dôn and Taliesin may have arisen through the fusion of Penllyn with Ardudwy and Arvon."

285. Professor Rh^ys thinks that the Llyr family may be pre-Celtic, TSC 1894-1895, 29 f.; CFL 552.

286. Loth, i. 97 f.; Lady Guest, iii. 143 f.

287. See Nutt, Folk-lore Record, v. 1 f.

288. Loth, i. 298, ii. 243-244; Geoffrey, Hist. Brit. ii. 11.

289. Loth, i. 224, 265, ii. 215, 244; Geoff. ii. 11.

290. Skene, i. 81; Rh^ys, Academy, Jan. 7, 1882.

291. Triads, Loth, ii. 293; Nutt, Folk-lore Record, v. 9.

292. Hist. Brit. ii. 11-14.

293. AL 131.

294. Skene, i. 262.

295. See Nutt-Meyer, ii. 17.

296. Skene, i. 276.

297. Loth, i. 208, 280; see also i. 197, ii. 245, 294.

298. See Skene i. 355. The raven is rather the bird of prey come to devour Urien than his "attribute."

299. Skene, i. 298.

300. For these theories see Rh^ys, HL 90f.; AL ch. 11; CFL 552.

301. See Ch. XXIV.

302. See p. 242.

303. Loth, i. 65, ii. 285.

304. Hist. Brit. iii. 1f. Geoffrey says that Billingsgate was called after Belinus, and that his ashes were preserved in the gate, a tradition recalling some connection of the god with the gate.

305. An early Caradawc saga may have become mingled with the story of Caractacus.

306. Rees, 77.

307. So Elton, 291.

308. Folk-lore Record, v. 29.

309. Lady Guest, iii. 134.

310. Dôn is sometimes held to be male, but she is distinctly called sister of Math (Loth, i. 134), and as the equivalent of Danu she must be female.

311. Loth, ii. 209.

312. See p. 60, supra, and Rh^ys, HL 90f.

313. Lady Guest, iii. 255; Skene, i. 297, 350.

314. For this Mabinogi see Loth, i. 117f.; Guest, iii. 189f.

315. Skene, i. 286.

316. Loth, ii. 229, 257; and for other references to Math, Skene, i. 281, 269, 299.

317. Skene, i. 296, 281.

318. Loth, ii. 297; Rh^ys, HL 276.

319. Skene, i. 264.

320. Rh^ys, HL 270. Skene, i. 430, 537, gives a different meaning to seon.

321. Skene, i. 264.

322. Loth, ii. 296.

323. Skene, i. 299, 531.

324. See p. 224, infra.

325. Guest, iii. 255; Morris, Celtic Remains, 231.

326. HL 283 f. See also Grimm, Teut. Myth. i. 131.

327. Loth, i. 240.

328. Stokes, US 34.

329. Myvyrian Archæol. i. 168; Skene, i. 275, 278 f.; Loth, ii. 259.

330. See my Childhood of Fiction, 127. Llew's vulnerability does not depend on the discovery of his separable soul, as is usual. The earliest form of this Märchen is the Egyptian story of the Two Brothers, and that of Samson and Delilah is another old form of it.

331. Skene, i. 314, ii. 342.

332. HL 408; RC x. 490.

333. HL 237, 319, 398, 408.

334. HL 384.

335. HL 474, 424.

336. Loth, ii. 231.

337. Loth, i. 240.

338. Skene, i, 286-287.

339. Loth, ii. 263.

340. Skene, ii. 159; Rh^ys, HL 157; Guest, iii. 255.

341. Rh^ys, HL 161, 566.

342. Skene, i. 282, 288, 310, 543, ii. 145; Loth, i. 135; Rh^ys, HL 387.

343. Loth, i. 27 f.; Guest, iii. 7 f.

344. Rhiannon is daughter of Heveidd Hen or "the Ancient," probably an old divinity.

345. In the Mabinogi and in Fionn tales a mysterious hand snatches away newly-born children. Cf. ZCP i. 153.

346. Anwyl, ZCP i. 288.

347. Loth, ii. 247.

348. Skene, i. 264.

349. Ibid. i. 276.

350. Ibid. i. 310.

351. Loth, i. 166.

352. Hist. Brit. ii. 11, iii. 1, 20, iv. 3.

353. Cf. Anwyl, ZCP i. 287.

354. Skene, i. 431; Loth, ii. 278. Some phrases seem to connect Beli with the sea—the waves are his cattle, the brine his liquor.

355. Loth, ii. 209, 249, 260, 283.

356. Geoffrey, Brit. Hist. iv. 3. 4.

357. Rh^ys, HL 125 f.; Loth, i. 265; MacBain, CM ix. 66.

358. See Loth, i. 269; and Skene, i. 293.

359. Loth, i. 173 f.

360. Loth, ii. 256, 274.

361. Rh^ys, HL 606. Cf. the Breton fairies, the Korr and Korrigan.

362. Geoffrey, iii. 20.

363. Loth, i. 253-254; Skene, i. 293.

364. Guest, iii. 323.

365. Ibid. 325.

366. Loth, i. 253, ii. 297.

367. See p. 353, infra.; Skene, i. 532.

368. Anwyl, ZCP i. 293.

369. Guest, iii. 356 f.

370. Skene, i. 275, 296.

371. Ibid. i. 498, 500.

372. See p. 382, infra.

373. Mon. Hist. Brit. i. 698, ii.; Thomas, Revue de l'hist. des Religions, xxxviii. 339.

374. Skene, i. 263, 274-276, 278, 281-282, 286-287. His "chair" bestows immortal youth and freedom from sickness.

375. Skene, i. 264, 376 f., 309, 532. See p. 356, infra.

376. See pp. 350-1, infra. Fionn and Taliesin are examples of the Märchen formula of a hero expelled and brought back to honour, Nutt-Meyer, ii. 88.

377. Loth, i. 209, ii. 238; Skene, ii. 459.

378. Nennius, ch. 50, 79.

379. Anwyl, ZCP i. 293.

380. Geoffrey, viii. 9-xi. 3.

381. Nutt-Meyer, ii. 22 f.

382. See p. 381, infra.

383. Loth, ii. 232, 245.

384. Rh^ys, AL, 39 f. Others derive the name from arto-s, "bear." MacBain, 357.

385. Loth. ii. 247; Skene, ii. 459.

386. Geoffrey, vi. 17-19, vii. viii. 1, 10-12, 19. In a poem (Skene, i. 478), Myrddin is called "the man who speaks from the grave"—a conception familiar to the Celts, who thought of the dead as living on in the grave. See p. 340, infra.

387. Rh^ys, HL, 154 f., 158-159, 194.

388. Geoffrey, ix. 12, etc.

389. Skene, ii. 51.

390. Loth. i. 225; cf. p. 131, infra. From this description Elton supposes Kei to have been a god of fire.

391. Myv. Arch. i. 175; Loth, i. 269. Rh^ys, AL 59, thinks Merlin may have been Guinevere's ravisher.

392. Holder, i. 414.

393. Loth i. 250, 260 f., 280, ii. 215, 244.

394. Skene, i. 363, ii. 406; Myv. Arch. i. 78.

395. Hu Gadarn is mentioned in the Triads as a leader of the Cymry from the east and their teacher in ploughing. He divided them into clans, and invented music and song. The monster avanc was drawn by him from the lake which had burst and caused the flood (see p. 231, infra). Perhaps Hu is an old culture-god of some tribes, but the Triads referring to him are of late date (Loth, ii. 271, 289, 290-291, 298-299). For the ridiculous Neo-Druidic speculations based on Hu, see Davies, Celtic Researches and Mythology and Rites of the Druids.

Gurgiunt, son of Belinus, in Geoffrey, iii. 11, may be the French legendary Gargantua, perhaps an old god. See the works of Sébillot and Gaidoz on Gargantua.

396. Loth, i. 270.

397. Dio Cassius, lxii. 6.

398. Solinus, xxii. 10. See p. 2, supra.

399. Ptol. ii. 3. 2.

400. For all these see Holder, s.v.