Читать книгу Speak Japanese Today - Taeko Kamiya - Страница 8

Оглавление

LESSON 1

How Do You Do?

VOWELS

Study these words and clearly pronounce them aloud. Then proceed to the dialogue.

こんばんは	Konbanwa.	Good evening.
はじめまして	Hajimemashite.	How do you do? (used when meeting someone for the first time)
どうぞよろしく	Dōzo yoroshiku.	Glad to meet you. (lit., Please give favors to me.)
どうぞ	dōzo	please (used when asking something or when offering something)
あの	ano	that
ひと	hito	person
あのひと	ano hito	that person (he or she)
だれ	dare	who
こちら	kochira	this person/thing
佐藤	Satō	(a family name)
戸田さん	Toda-san	Mr./Mrs./Miss Toda
さん	-san	(an honorific suffix added to another person's given name, family name, or full name)
カーターさん	Kātā-san	Mr./Mrs./Miss Carter
アメリカ	Amerika	America
朝日新聞	Asahi Shinbun	Asahi Newspaper (one of the leading Japanese newspapers)
記者	kisha	reporter
は	wa¹	(a topic marker)
です	desu	is; am; are
か	ka?²	(a question marker)
の	no³	of; for

POINTS TO REMEMBER

1. NOUN + wa: as for NOUN

Wa is a particle attached to the topic (or subject) of a sentence. The topic can be anything—a person, a thing, the weather—that comes at the beginning of the sentence. This topic is followed by wa.

EXAMPLE: あの人は記者です。

Ano hito wa kisha desu.

That person is a reporter.

2. Ka is a question marker. Ka at the end of a sentence turns it into a question.

EXAMPLE: あの記者は誰ですか。

Ano kisha wa dare desu ka?

Who is that reporter?

3. NOUN (A) + no + NOUN (B): NOUN (B) of NOUN (A)

[NOUN (A) + no] modifies NOUN (B).

EXAMPLE: 朝日新聞の記者

Asahi Shinbun no kisha

a reporter for the Asahi Newspaper

4. In general, Japanese nouns do not have plural forms and there are no articles. Therefore, English words such as “a,” “the,” “some,” and “any,” are not translated.

5. The subject is often omitted in Japanese.

DIALOGUE

Study the dialogue below. Practice until you no longer need to refer to the Japanese half.

Carter :	こんばんは。あの人は誰ですか。
	Konbanwa. Ano hito wa¹ dare desu ka²?
	Good evening. Who is that person? (lit., As for that person, who is she?)
Satō :	戸田さんです。あの人は朝日新聞の記者です。
	Toda-san desu. Ano hito wa Asahi Shinbun no³ kisha desu.
	It's Miss Toda. She is a⁴ reporter for the Asahi Newspaper.

Satō :	戸田さん、こちらはアメリカのカーターさんです。
	Toda-san, kochira wa Amerika no Kātā-san desu.
	Miss Toda, this is Mr. Carter of America.
	カーターさん、こちらは朝日新聞社の戸田さんです。
	Kātā-san, kochira wa Asahi Shinbun no Toda-san desu.
	Mr. Carter, this is Miss Toda of the Asahi Newspaper.
Toda :	はじめまして。戸田です。
	Hajimemashite. Toda desu.
	How do you do? I⁵ am Toda.
	どうぞよろしく。
	Dōzo yoroshīku.
	Glad to meet you.
Carter :	はじめまして。カーターです。
	Hajimemashite. Kātā desu.
	How do you do? I am Carter.
	どうぞよろしく。
	Dōzo yoroshiku.
	Pleased to meet you.

ADDITIONAL WORDS

Study these new words and clearly pronounce them aloud. Then proceed to the exercises.

医者	isha	doctor
看護師	kangoshi	nurse
会社員	kaisha-in	company employee
作家	sakka	writer
先生	sensei	teacher
おはようございます。	Ohayō gozaimasu.	Good morning.
こんにちは。	Konnichiwa.	Good day/afternoon.
おやすみなさい。	O-yasumi-nasai.	Good night.
さようなら/さよなら。	Sayonara/Sayonara.	Goodbye.
お元気ですか。	O-genki desu ka?	How are you?/ Are you well?
お元気ですか。	Hai, genki desu.	Yes. I'm fine.
ね	o-	(an honorific prefix used when referring to others)
兀気	genki	healthy; fine
失礼します/しました。	Shitsurei shimasu/ shimashita.¹	Excuse me for being/ having been impolite.
失礼	shitsurei	being impolite
いただきます。	Itadakimasu.²	I will receive/have.
ごちそうさまでした。	Gochiso-sama deshita.³	It was delicious.

¹ Shitsurei shimasu 失礼します is said when leaving the table while others are still eating, when entering other people's rooms, or when walking in front of others. Shitsurei shimashita 失礼しました is said when returning to the room you left in the middle of a meeting or meal, or after bumping into someone.

² An expression of gratitude, Itadakimasu いたたさます is said when receiving a gift or the like, or before eating or drinking.

³ Gochisō-sama deshita しちそうさまでした, also an expression of gratitude, is said after having finished eating or drinking.

EXERCISES

A. Practice saying the following sentences in Japanese. Repeat the exercises until you no longer need to refer to the Japanese half.

1.	Who is that person?	Ano hito wa dare desu ka?	あの人は誰ですか。
	That is Miss Toda.	Toda-san desu.	戸田さんです。
	She is a reporter.	Kisha desu.	記者です。
	She is a nurse.	Kangoshi desu.	看護師です。
	She is a teacher.	Sensei desu.	先生です。
	She is a company employee.	Kaisha-in desu.	会社員です。
	She is a writer.	Sakka desu.	作家です。
	She is a doctor.	Isha desu.	医者です。
2.	This is Mr. Sato of the Asahi Newspaper.	Kochira wa Asahi Shinbun no Satō-san desu.	こちらは朝日新聞の佐藤さんです。
	This is Miss Toda of Tōkyō.	Kochira wa Tōkyō no Toda-san desu.	こちらは東京の戸田さんです。
	This is Mrs. Carter of America.	Kochira wa Amerika no Kātā-san desu.	こちらはアメリカのカーターさんです。
3.	Good morning.	Ohayō gozaimasu.	おはようございます。
	Good afternoon.	Konnichiwa.	こんにりは。
	Good evening.	Konbanwa.	しんばルは。
	Good night.	O-yasumi-nasai.	おやすみなさい。
	Goodbye.	Sayōnara/Sayonara.	さようなら/さよなら。
	How are you?/ Are you well?	O-genki desu ka?	お元気ですか。
	Yes. I'm fine.	Hai, genki desu.	はい、元気です。
	How do you do?	Hajimemashite.	はじめまして。
	Glad to meet you.	Dōzo yoroshiku.	どうぞよろしく。
	Excuse me.	Shitsurei shimasu/ shimashita.	失礼します/しました。
	I will receive/have.	Itadakimasu.	いただきます。
	It was delicious.	Gochisō-sama deshita.	ごちそうさまでした。
	Please.	Dōzo.	どうぞ。

B. What would you say under the following circumstances?

1.You meet someone in the morning.

2. You meet someone in the afternoon.

3. You meet someone in the evening.

4. You offer someone a cup of tea.

5. You are leaving the table for a moment.

6. You have enjoyed a delicious meal.

7. You introduce Mr. Carter to Miss Toda.

8. You are introduced to someone. (Your name is Carter.)

9. You are going to retire for the night.

10. You bump into someone in the hallway.

ANSWERS

1.Ohayo gozaimasu.おはようございます。

2. Konnichiwa.こんにちは。

3. Konbanwa.こんばんは。

4. Dōzo.どうぞ。

5. Shitsurei shimasu.失礼します。

6. Gochiso-sama deshita.ごちそうさまでした。

7. Toda-san, kochira wa Kātā-san desu.戸田さん、こちらはヵーターさんです。

8. Hajimemashite. Kātā desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. はじめまして。カーターです。どうぞよろしく。

9. O-vasumi-nasai.ゎやすみなざい。

10. Shitsurei shimashita.失礼しました。

Подняться наверх