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Taine Hippolyte. The French Revolution (Vol.1-3)
The French Revolution (Vol.1-3)
Table of Contents
Volume 1
Table of Contents
PREFACE
BOOK FIRST. SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY
CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY
I.—Dearth the first cause
II.—Expectations the second cause
III.—The provinces during the first six months of 1789
IV.—Intervention of ruffians and vagabonds
V.—Effect on the Population of the New Ideas
VI.—The first jacquerie in Province
CHAPTER II. PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY
I.—Mob recruits in the vicinity
II. The Press
III.—The Réveillon affair
IV.—The Palais-Royal
V.—Popular mobs become a political force
VI.—July 13th and 14th 1789
VII.—Murders of Foulon and Berthier
VIII.—Paris in the hands of the people
CHAPTER III
I.—Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th, 1789
II.—The provinces
III.—Public feeling.—Famine
IV.—Panic
V.—Attacks on public individuals and public property
VI.—Taxes are no longer paid
VII.—Attack upon private individuals and private property
CHAPTER IV. PARIS
I.—Paris
II.—The distress of the people
III.—The new popular leaders
IV.—Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government
V.—The 5th and 6th of October
VI.—The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party
BOOK SECOND. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS
CHAPTER I.—CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS
I.—These conditions absent in the Assembly
II.—Inadequacy of its information
III.—The Power Of Simple, General Ideas
IV.—Refusal to supply the ministry
CHAPTER II. DESTRUCTION
I.—Two principal vices of the ancient régime
II—Nature of societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions
III.—The estates of a society
IV.—Abuse and lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies
CHAPTER III. THE CONSTRUCTIONS—THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791
I.—Powers of the Central Government
II.—The Creation Of Popular Democracy
III.—Municipal Kingdoms
IV.—On Universal Suffrage
V.—The Ruling Minority
VI.—Summary of the work of the Constituent Assembly
BOOK THIRD. THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. 3101
CHAPTER I
I.—The Federations
II.—Independence of the municipalities
III.—Independent Assemblies
CHAPTER II. SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS
I.—Old Religious Grudges
II.—Passion Supreme
III.—Egotism of the tax-payer
IV.—Cupidity of tenants
CHAPTER III. Development of the ruling Passion
I.—Attitude of the nobles. Their moderate resistance
II.—Workings of the popular imagination with respect to them
III.—Domiciliary visits
IV.—The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts
V.—Persecutions in private life
VI.—Conduct of officers
VI.—Conduct of the officers
VII.—Emigration and its causes
VIII.—Attitude of the non-juring priests
IX.—General state of opinion
Volume 2
Table of Contents
PREFACE:
BOOK FIRST. THE JACOBINS
CHAPTER I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN
I.—Principle of the revolutionary party
II.—The Jacobins
III.—Psychology of the Jacobin
IV.—What the theory promises
CHAPTER II
I.—Formation of the party
II.—Spontaneous associations after July 14, 1789
III.—How they view the liberty of the press
IV.—Their rallying-points
V.—Small number of Jacobins
BOOK SECOND. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST
CHAPTER I. THE JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER
I.—Their siege operations
II.—Annoyances and dangers of public elections
III.—The friends of order deprived of the right of free assemblage
V.—Intimidation and withdrawal of the Conservatives
CHAPTER II
I.—Composition of the Legislative Assembly
II.—Degree and quality of their intelligence and Culture
III.—Aspects of their sessions
IV.—The Parties
V.—Their means of action
VI.—Parliamentary maneuvers
CHAPTER III
I.—Policy of the Assembly.—State of France at the end of 1791
II.—The Assembly hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors
III.—War
IV.—Secret motives of the leaders
V.—Effects of the war on the common people
CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENTS
I.—Provence in 1792.—Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles
II.—The expedition to Aix
III.—The Constitutionalists of Arles
IV.—The Jacobins of Avignon
V.—The other departments
CHAPTER V. PARIS
I.—Pressure of the Assembly on the King
II.—The floating and poor population of Paris
III.—Its leaders.—Their committee.—Methods for arousing the crowd
IV.—The 20th of June
CHAPTER VI. THE BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE PARIS COMMUNE
I.—Indignation of the Constitutionalists
II.—Pressure on the King
III.—The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins
IV.—Vain attempts of the Girondins to put it down
V.—Evening of August 8
VI.—Nights of August 9 and 10
VII.—August 10
VIII.—State of Paris in the Interregnum
BOOK THIRD. THE SECOND STAGE OF THE CONQUEST
CHAPTER I
I.—Government by gangs in times of anarchy
II.—The development of the ideas of killings in the mass of the party
III. Terror is their Salvation
IV.—Date of the determination of this.—The actors and their parts
V. Abasement and Stupor
VI. Jacobin Massacre
CHAPTER II. THE DEPARTMENTS
I. The Sovereignty of the People
II.—In several departments it establishes itself in advance
III.—Each Jacobin band a dictator in its own neighborhood
IV.—Ordinary practices of the Jacobin dictatorship
V.—The companies of traveling volunteers
VI.—A tour of France in the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior
CHAPTER III
I.—The second stage of the Jacobin conquest
II.—The elections
III.—Composition and tone of the secondary assemblies
IV.—Composition of the National Convention
V.—The Jacobins forming alone the Sovereign People
VI.—Composition of the party
VII. The Jacobin Chieftains
CHAPTER IV. PRECARIOUS SITUATION OF A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT LOCKED UP WITHIN A LOCAL JURISDICTION
I.—Jacobin advantages
II.—Its parliamentary recruits
III. Physical fear and moral cowardice
IV. Jacobin victory over Girondin majority
V. Jacobin violence against the people
VI. Jacobin tactics
VII. The central Jacobin committee in power
VIII. Right or Wrong, my Country
Volume 3
Table of Contents
PREFACE
BOOK FIRST. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER I. JACOBIN GOVERNMENT
I. The despotic creed and instincts of the Jacobin
II. Jacobin Dissimulation
III. Primary Assemblies
IV. The Delegates reach Paris
V. Fête of August 10th
VI. The Mountain
VII. Extent and Manifesto of the departmental insurrection
VIII. The Reasons for the Terror
IX. Destruction of Rebel Cities
X. Destruction of the Girondin party
XI. Institutions of the Revolutionary Government
BOOK SECOND. THE JACOBIN PROGRAM
CHAPTER I. THE JACOBIN PARTY
I. The Doctrine
II. A Communist State
III. The object of the State is the regeneration of man
IV. Two distortions of the natural man
V. Equality and Inequality
VI. Conditions requisite for making a citizen
VII. Socialist projects
VIII. Indoctrination of mind and intellect
CHAPTER II. REACTIONARY CONCEPT OF THE STATE
I. Reactionary concept of the State
II. Changed minds
III. Origin and nature of the modern State
IV. The state is tempted to encroach
V. Direct common interest
VI. Indirect common interest
VII. Fabrication of social instruments
VIII. Comparison between despotisms
BOOK THIRD. THE MEN IN POWER
CHAPTER I. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE JACOBIN LEADERS
I. Marat
II. Danton
III. Robespierre
CHAPTER II. THE RULERS OF THE COUNTRY
I. The Convention
II. Its participation in crime
III. The Committee of Public Safety
IV. The Statesmen
V. Official Jacobin organs
VI. Commissars of the Revolution
VII. Brutal Instincts
IX. Vice
CHAPTER III. THE RULERS. (continued)
I. The Central Government Administration
II. Subaltern Jacobins
III. A Revolutionary Committee
IV. Provincial Administration
V. Jacobins sent to the Provinces
VI. Quality of staff thus formed
VII. The Armed Forces
BOOK FOURTH. THE GOVERNED
CHAPTER I. THE OPPRESSED
I. Revolutionary Destruction
II. The Value of Notables in Society
III. The three classes of Notables
IV. The Clergy
V. The Bourgeoisie
VI. The Demi-notables
VII. Principle of socialist Equality
VIII. Rigor against the Upper Classes
IX. The Jacobin Citizen Robot
X. The Governors and the Governed
CHAPTER II. FOOD AND PROVISIONS
I. Economical Complexity of Food Chain
II. Conditions in 1793. A Lesson in Market Economics
III. Privation
IV. Hunger
V. Revolutionary Remedies
VI. Relaxation
VII. Misery at Paris
BOOK FIFTH. THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER I. THE CONVENTION
I. The Convention
II. Re-election of the Two-thirds
III. A Directory of Regicides
IV. Public Opinon
VI. The Directory
VII. Enforcement of Pure Jacobinism
VIII. Propaganda and Foreign Conquests
IX. National Disgust
X. Contrast between Civil and Military France
