Читать книгу The History of French Revolution - Taine Hippolyte - Страница 23

… Before the gates there sat

On either side a formidable shape;

The one seem'd woman to the waist, and fair,

but ended foul in many a scaly fold

Voluminous and vast, a serpent arm'd

With mortal sting: about her middle round

A cry of hell hounds never ceasing bark'd

With wide Cerberean mouths full loud, and rung

A hideous peal: yet, when they list, would creep,

If aught disturb'd their noise, into her womb,

And kennel there; yet there still bark'd and howl'd

Within unseen …

… . … .the other shape,

If shape it might be call'd, that shape had none

Distinguishable in member, joint, or limb,

Or substance might be call'd that shadow seem'd

For each seem'd either: black it stood as night,

Fierce as ten furies, terrible as hell,

And shook a dreadful dart; what seem'd his head

The likeness of a kingly crown had on.

The monster moving onward came as fast,

With horrid strides; hell trembled as he strode.

1201 (return) [ "Archives Nationales," H. 1453. Letter of M. Miron, lieutenant de police, April 26th; of M. Joly de Fleury, procureur-général, May 29th; of MM. Marchais and Berthier, April 18th and 27th, March 23rd, April 5th, May 5th.—Arthur Young, June 10th and 29th. "Archives Nationales," H. 1453 Letter of the sub-delegate of Montlhéry, April 14th.]

1202 (return) [ "Archives Nationales," H. 1453. Letter of the sub-delegate Gobert, March 17th; of the officers of police, June 15th:—" On the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th of March the inhabitants of Conflans generally rebelled against the game law in relation to the rabbit."]

1203 (return) [ Montjoie, 2nd part, ch. XXI. p.14 (the first week in June). Montjoie is a party man; but he gives dates and details, and his testimony, when it is confirmed elsewhere, deserves, to be admitted.]

1204 (return) [ Montjoie, 1st part, 92–101.—"Archives Nationales," H. 1453. Letter of the officer of police of Saint-Denis: "A good many workmen arrive daily from Lorraine as well as from Champagne," which increases the prices.]

1205 (return) [ De Bezenval, "Mémoires," I.353. Cf. "The Ancient Regime," p.509.—Marmontel, II, 252 and following pages.—De Ferrières, I. 407.]

1206 (return) [ Arthur Young, September 1st, 1788]

1207 (return) [ Barrère, "Mémoires," I. 234.]

1208 (return) [ See, in the National Library, the long catalogue of those which have survived.]

1209 (return) [ Malouet, I. 255. Bailly, I. 43 (May 9th and 19th).—D'Hezecques, "Souvenirs d'un page de Louis XV." 293.—De Bezenval, I. 368.]

1210 (return) [ Marmontel, II, 249.—Montjoie, 1st part, p. 92.—De Bezenval, I. 387: "These spies added that persons were seen exciting the tumult and were distributing money."]

1211 (return) [ "Archives Nationales," Y.11441. Interrogatory of the Abbé Roy, May 5th.—Y.11033, Interrogatory (April 28th and May 4th) of twenty-three wounded persons brought to the Hôtel-Dieu—These two documents are of prime importance in presenting the true aspect of the insurrection; to these must be added the narrative of M. de Bezenval, who was commandant at this time with M. de Châtelet. Almost all other narratives are amplified or falsified through party bias.]

1212 (return) [ De Ferrières, vol. III. note A. (justificatory explanation by Réveillon).]

1213 (return) [ Bailly I. 25 (April 26th).]

1214 (return) [ Hippeau, IV. 377 (Letters of M. Perrot, April 29th).]

1215 (return) [ Letter to the King by an inhabitant of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine—"Do not doubt, sire, that our recent misfortunes are due to the dearness of bread"]

1216 (return) [ Dampmartin, "Evénements qui se sont passés sous mes yeux," etc. I. 25: "We turned back and were held up by small bands of scoundrels, who insolently proposed to us to shout 'Vive Necker! Vive le Tiers-Etat!'" His two companions were knights of St. Louis, and their badges seemed an object of "increasing hatred." "The badge excited coarse mutterings, even on the part of persons who appeared superior to the agitators."]

1217 (return) [ Dampmartin, ibid. i. 25: "I was dining this very day at the Hôtel d'Ecquevilly, in the Rue Saint-Louis." He leaves the house on foot and witnesses the disturbance. "Fifteen to Sixteen hundred wretches, the excrement of the nation, degraded by shameful vices, covered with rags, and gorged with brandy, presented the most disgusting and revolting spectacle. More than a hundred thousand persons of both sexes and of all ages and conditions interfered greatly with the operations of the troops. The firing soon commenced and blood flowed: two innocent persons were wounded near me."]

1218 (return) [ De Goncourt, "La Société Française pendant la Révolution." Thirty-one gambling-houses are counted here, while a pamphlet of the day is entitled "Pétition des deux mill cent filles du Palais-Royal."]

1219 (return) [ Montjoie, 2nd part, 144.—Bailly, II, 130.]

1220 (return) [ Arthur Young, June 24th, 1789.—Montjoie, 2nd part, 69.]

1221 (return) [ Arthur Young, June 9th, 24th, and 26th.—"La France libre," passim, by C. Desmoulins.]

1222 (return) [ C. Desmoulins, letters to his father, and Arthur Young, June 9th.]

1223 (return) [ Montjoie, 2nd part, 69, 77, 124, 144. C. Desmoulins, letter, of June 24th and the following days.]

1224 (return) [ Etienne Dumont, "Souvenirs," p.72.—C. Desmoulins, letter of; June 24th.—Arthur Young, June 25th.—Buchez and Roux, II. 28.]

1225 (return) [ Bailly, I. 227 and 179.—Monnier, "Recherches sur les causes," etc. I. 289, 291; II.61;—Malouet, I. 299; II. 10.—"Actes des Apôtres," V.43. (Letter of M. de Guillermy, July 31st, 1790).—Marmontel, I. 28: "The people came even into the Assembly, to encourage their partisans, to select and indicate their victims, and to terrify the feeble with the dreadful trial of open balloting."]

1226 (return) [ Manuscript letters of M. Boullé, deputy, to the municipal authorities of Pontivy, from May 1st, 1789, to September 4th, 1790 (communicated by M. Rosenzweig, archivist at Vannes). June 16th, 1789: "The crowd gathered around the hall … was, during these days, from 3,000 to 4,000 persons."]

1227 (return) [ Letters of M. Boullé, June 23rd. "How sublime the moment, that in which we enthusiastically bind ourselves to the country by a new oath! … Why should this moment be selected by one of our number to dishonor himself? His name is now blasted throughout France. And the unfortunate man has children! Suddenly overwhelmed by public contempt he leaves, and falls fainting at the door, exclaiming, 'Ah! this will be my death!' I do not know what has become of him since. What is strange is, he had not behaved badly up to that time, and he voted for the Constitution."]

1228 (return) [ De Ferrières, I. 168.—Malouet, I. 298 (according to him the faction did not number more than ten members)—idem II. 10.—Dumont, 250.]

1229 (return) [ "Convention nationale" governed France from 21st September 1792 until Oct. 26th 1796. We distinguish between three different assemblies, "la Convention Girondine" 1792–93, "the Mountain," 1793–94 and "la Thermidorienne," from 1794–1795. (SR).]

1230 (return) [ Declaration of June 23rd, article 15.]

1231 (return) [ Montjoie, 2nd part, 118.—C. Desmoulins, letters of June 24th and the following days. A faithful narrative by M. de Sainte-Fère, formerly an officer in the French Guard, p.9.—De Bezenval, III, 413.—Buchez and Roux, II. 35.—"Souvenirs", by PASQUIER (Etienne-Dennis, duc), chancelier de France. in VI volumes, Librarie Plon, Paris 1893..]

1232 (return) [ Peuchet ("Encyclopédie Méthodique," 1789, quoted by Parent Duchâtelet): "Almost all of the soldiers of the Guard belong to that class (the procurers of public women): many, indeed, only enlist in the corps that they may live at the expense of these unfortunates."]

1233 (return) [ Gouverneur Morris, "Liberty is now the general cry; authority is a name and no longer a reality." (Correspondence with Washington, July 19th.)]

1234 (return) [ Bailly. I. 302. "The King was very well-disposed; his measures were intended only to preserve order and the public peace … Du Châtelet was forced by facts to acquit M. de Bezenval of attempts against the people and the country."—Cf. Marmontel, IV. 183; Mounier, II, 40.]

1235 (return) [ Desmoulins, letter of the 16th July. Buchez and Roux, II. 83.]

1236 (return) [ Trial of the Prince de Lambesc (Paris, 1790), with the eighty-three depositions and the discussion of the testimony.—It is the crowd which began the attack. The troops fired in the air. But one man, a sieur Chauvel, was wounded slightly by the Prince de Lambesc. (Testimony of M. Carboire, p.84, and of Captain de Reinack, p. 101.) "M. le Prince de Lambesc, mounted on a gray horse with a gray saddle without holsters or pistols, had scarcely entered the garden when a dozen persons jumped at the mane and bridle of his horse and made every effort to drag him off. A small man in gray clothes fired at him with a pistol. … The prince tried hard to free himself, and succeeded by making his horse rear up and by flourishing his sword; without, however, up to this time, wounding any one. … He deposes that he saw the prince strike a man on the head with the flat of his saber who was trying to close the turning-bridge, which would have cut off the retreat of his troops The troops did no more than try to keep off the crowd which assailed them with stones, and even with firearms, from the top of the terraces."—The man who tried to close the bridge had seized the prince's horse with one hand; the wound he received was a scratch about 23 lines long, which was dressed and cured with a bandage soaked in brandy. All the details of the affair prove that the patience and humanity of the officer, were extreme. Nevertheless "on the following day, the 13th, some one posted a written placard on the crossing Bussy recommending the citizens of Paris to seize the prince and quarter him at once."—(Deposition of M. Cosson, p.114.)]

1237 (return) [ Bailly, I. 3, 6.—Marmontel, IV. 310]

1238 (return) [ Montjoie, part 3, 86. "I talked with those who guarded the château of the Tuileries. They did not belong to Paris. … A frightful physiognomy and hideous apparel." Montjoie, not to be trusted in many places, merits consultation for little facts of which he was an eye-witness.—Morellet, "Mémoires," I. 374.—Dusaulx, "L'oeuvre des sept jours," 352.—Revue Historique," March, 1876. Interrogatory of Desnot. His occupation during the 13th of July (published by Guiffrey).]

1239 (return) [ Mathieu Dumas, "Mémoires," I. 531. "Peaceable people fled at the sight of these groups of strange, frantic vagabonds. Everybody closed their houses. … When I reached home, in the Saint-Denis quarter, several of these brigands caused great alarm by firing off guns in the air."]

1240 (return) [ Dusaulx, 379.]

1241 (return) [ Dusaulx, 359, 360, 361, 288, 336. "In effect their entreaties resembled commands, and, more than once, it was impossible to resist them."]

1242 (return) [ Dusaulx, 447 (Deposition of the invalides).—"Revue Rétrospective," IV. 282 (Narrative of the commander of the thirty-two Swiss Guards).]

1243 (return) [ Marmontel, IV. 317.]

1244 (return) [ Dusaulx, 454. "The soldiers replied that they would accept whatever happened rather than cause the destruction of so great a number of their fellow-citizens."]

1245 (return) [ Dusaulx, 447. The number of combatants, maimed, wounded, dead, and living, is 825.—Marmontel, IV. 320. "To the number of victors, which has been carried up to 800, people have been added who were never near the place."]

1246 (return) [ "Memoires", by PASQUIER (Etienne-Dennis, duc, 1767–1862), chancelier de France. in VI volumes, Librarie Plon, Paris 1893. Vol. I. p.52. Pasquier was eye-witness. He leaned against the fence of the Beaumarchais garden and looked on, with mademoiselle Contat, the actress, at his side, who had left her carriage in the Place-Royale.—Marat, "L'ami du peuple," No. 530. "When an unheard-of conjunction of circumstances had caused the fall of the badly defended walls of the Bastille, under the efforts of a handful of soldiers and a troop of unfortunate creatures, most of them Germans and almost all provincials, the Parisians presented themselves the fortress, curiosity alone having led them there."]

1247 (return) [ Narrative of the commander of the thirty-two Swiss.—Narrative of Cholat, wine-dealer, one of the victors.—Examination of Desnot (who cut off the head of M. de Launay).]

1248 (return) [ Montjoie, part 3, 85.—Dusaulx, 355, 287, 368.]

1249 (return) [ Nothing more. No Witness states that he had seen the pretended note to M. do Launay. According to Dusaulx, he could not have had either the time or the means to write it.]

1250 (return) [ Bailly, II. 32, 74, 88, 90, 95, 108, 117, 137, 158, 174. "I gave orders which were neither obeyed nor listened to. … They gave me to understand that I was not safe." (July 15th.) "In these sad times one enemy and one calumnious report sufficed to excite the multitude. All who had formerly held power, all who had annoyed or restrained the insurrectionists, were sure of being arrested."]

1251 (return) [ M. de Lafayette, "Mémoires," III. 264. Letter of July 16th, 1789. "I have already saved the lives of six persons whom they were hanging in different quarters."]

1252 (return) [ Poujoulat. "Histoire de la Révolution Française," p.100 (with supporting documents). Procès-verbaux of the Provincial Assembly, lle-de-France (1787), p.127.]

1253 (return) [ For instance: "He is severe with his peasants."—"He gives them no bread, and he wants them then to eat grass." "He wants them to eat grass like horses."—"He has said that they could very well eat hay, and that they are no better than horses."—The same story is found in many of the contemporary jacqueries.]

1254 (return) [ Bailly, II. 108. "The people, less enlightened and as imperious as despots, recognize no positive signs of good administration but success."]

1255 (return) [ Bailly, II, 108, 95.—Malouet, II, 14.]

1256 (return) [ De Ferrières, I. 168.]