Читать книгу The History of French Revolution - Taine Hippolyte - Страница 50

2232 (return) [ Mercure, September 10, 1791. Article by Mallet du Pan.—Ibid. October 15, 1791.]

2233 (return) [ Should Hitler or Lenin have read and understood the consequences of these events they would have deduced that given the command from official sources or recognized leaders ordinary people all over the world could easily be tempted to attack any group, being it Jews, Protestants, Hindus or foreigners. (SR.)]

2234 (return) [ "Archives Nationales," II. 784. Letters of M. de Langeron, October 16 and 18, 1789.—Albert Babeau, "Histoire de Troyes," letters addressed to the Chevalier de Poterats, July, 1790.—"Archives Nationales," papers of the Committee on Reports, bundle 4, letter of M. le Belin-Chatellenot to the to the President of the National Assembly, July 1, 1791.—Mercure, October 15, 1791. Article by Mallet du Pan: "Such is literally the language of these emigrants; I do not add a word."—Ibid. May 15, 1790. Letter of the Baron de Bois d'Aizy, April 29,1790, demanding a decree of protection fur the nobles. "We shall know (then) whether we are outlawed or are of any account in the rights of man written out with so much blood, or whether, finally, no other option is left to us but that of carrying to distant skies the remains of our property and our wretched existence."]

2235 (return) [ Mercure, October 15, 1791, and September 10, 1791. Read the admirable letter of the Chevalier de Mesgrigny, appointed colonel during the suspension of the King, and refusing his new rank.]

2236 (return) [ Cf. the "Mémoires" of M. de Boustaquet, a Norman gentleman.]

2237 (return) [ Cf. "The Ancient Régime," books I. and II.]

2238 (return) [ Boivin—Champeaux, "Notice Historique sur la Révolution dans le Département de L'Eure," the register of grievances. In 1788, at Rouen, there was not a single profession made by men. In the monastery of the Deux-Amants the chapter convoked in 1789 consisted of two monks.—"Archives Nationales," papers of the ecclesiastic committee, passim.]

2239 (return) [ "Apologie de l'État Religieux" (1775), with statistics. Since 1768 the decline is "frightful." "It is easy to foresee that in ten or twelve years most of the regular bodies will be absolutely extinct, or reduced to a state of feebleness akin to death."]

2240 (return) [ Sanzay, I. 224 (November, 1790). At Besançon, out of 266 monks, "79 only showed any loyalty to their engagements or any affection for their calling." Others preferred to abandon it, especially all the Dominicans but five, all but one of the bare footed Carmelites, and all the Grand Carmelites. The same disposition is apparent throughout the department, as, for instance, with the Benedictines of Cluny except one, all the Minimes but three, all the Capuchins but five, the Bernandins, Dominicans, and Augustins, all preferring to leave.—Montalembert, "Les Moines d'Occident," introduction, pp. 105–164. Letter of a Benedictine of Saint-Germain-des-Prés to a Benedictine of Vannes. "Of all the members of your congregation which come here to lodge, I have scarcely found one capable of edifying us. You may probably say the same of those who came to you from our place."—Cf. in the "Mémoires" of Merlin de Thionville the description of the Chartreuse of Val St. Pierre.]

2241 (return) [ Ch. Guerin, "Revue des Questions Historiques" (July 1, 1875; April 1, 1876).—Abbé Guettée, "Histoire de l'Eglise de France," XII, 128. ("Minutes of the meeting of l'Assemblée du Clergé," in 1780.)—"Archives nationales," official reports and memorandums of the States-General in 1789. The most obnoxious proceeding to the chiefs of the order is the postponement of the age at which vows may be taken, it being, in their view, the ruin of their institutions.—"The Ancient Régime," p. 403.]

2242 (return) [ In order for a modern uninstructed non-believing reader to understand the motivation which moved thousands of self-less sisters and brothers to do their useful and kind work read St. Matthew chapter 25, verses 31 to 46 where Jesus predicts how he will sit in judgment on mankind and separate the sheep from the goats. (SR.)]

2243 (return) [ "The Ancient Régime," P.33—Cf. Guerin "The monastery of the Trois-Rois, in the north of Franche-Comté, founded four villages collected from foreign colonists. It is the only center of charity and civilization in a radius of three leagues. It took care of two hundred of the sick in a recent epidemic; it lodges the troops which pass from Alsace into Franche-Comté, and in the late hailstorm it supplied the whole neighborhood with food."]

2244 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of February 13,1790. (Speech of the Abbé de Montesquiou).—Archives Nationales," papers of the Ecclesiastical Committee, DXIX. 6, Visitation de Limoges, DXIX. 25, Annonciades de Saint-Denis; ibid. Annonciades de Saint Amour, Ursulines d'Auch, de Beaulieu, d'Eymoutier, de la Ciotat, de Pont Saint-Esprit, Hospitalières d'Ernée, de Laval; Sainte Claire de Laval, de Marseilles, etc. "]

2245 (return) [ Sauzay, I. 247. Out of three hundred and seventy-seven nuns at Doubs, three hundred and fifty-eight preferred to remain as they were, especially at Pontarlier, all the Bernardines, Annonciades, and Ursulines; at Besançon, all the Carmelites, the Visitandines, the Annonciades, the Clarisses, the Sisters of Refuge, the Nuns of the Saint-Esprit and, save one, all the Benedictine Nuns.]

2246 (return) [ "Archives Nationales." Papers of the Ecclesiastical Committee, passim.—Suzay, I. 51.—Statistics of France for 1866.]

2247 (return) [ In 1993 this number has once more fallen, and continues to fall, to 55 900. "Quid", 1996 page 623. (SR.)]

2248 (return) [ Felix Rocquain, "La France aprés le 18 Brumaire." (Reports of the Councillors of State dispatched on this service, passim).]

2249 (return) [ Moniteur, October 24, 1789. (Speech of Dupont de Nemours.) All these speeches, often more fully reported and with various renderings, may be found in "Les Archives Parlementaires," 1st series, vols. VIII. and IX.]

2250 (return) [ Duvergier, decree of June 14–17, 1791. "The annihilation of every corporation of citizens of any one condition or profession being on of the foundation-stones of the French constitution, it is forbidden to re-establish these de-facto under any pretext or form whatever. Citizens of a like condition or profession, such as contractors, shopkeepers, workmen of all classes, and associates in any art whatever shall not, on assembling together, appoint either president, or secretaries, or syndics, discuss or pass resolutions, or frame any regulations in relation to their assumed common interests."]

2251 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of November 2nd, 1789.]

2252 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of February 12, 1790. Speeches of Dally d'Agier and Barnave.]

2253 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of August 10, 1789. Speech by Garat; February 12, 1790, speech by Pétion; October 30, 1789, speech by Thouret.]

2254 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of November 2, 1789. Speech by Chapelier; October 24, 1789, speech by Garat; October 30, 1789, speech by Mirabeau, and the sitting of August 10, 1789.]

2255 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of October 23, 1789. Speech by Thouret.]

2256 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of October 23, 1789. Speech by Treilhard; October 24th, speech by Garat; October 30, speech by Mirabeau.—On the 8th of August, 1789, Al. de Lameth says in the tribune: "When an foundation was set up, it is to the nation, which the grant was given."]

2257 (return) [ Duvergier, laws of August 18, 1792; August 8–14, 1793; July 11, 1794; July 14, 1792; August 24, 1793.]

2258 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of July 31, 1792. Speech of M. Boistard; the property of the hospitals, at this time was estimated at eight hundred millions.—Already in 1791 (sitting of January 30th) M. de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt said to the Assembly: "Nothing will more readily restore confidence to the poor than to see the nation assuming the right of rendering them assistance." He proposes to decree; accordingly, that all hospitals and places of beneficence be placed under the control of the nation. (Mercure, February 12, 1791.)]

2259 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of August 10, 1789. Speech by Sieyès.—The figures given here are deduced from the statistics already given in the "Ancient Régime."]

2260 (return) [ Moniteur, v. 571. sitting of September 4, 1790. Report of the Committee on Finances—V. 675, sitting of September 17, 1790. Report by Necker.]

2261 (return) [ A Revolutionary Government promissory bank note. (SR.)]

2262 (return) [ Sauzay, I. 228 (from October 10, 1790, to February 20, 1791). "The total weight of the spoil of the monastic establishments in gold, silver, and plated ware, sent to the Mint amounted to more than 525 kilograms (for the department)."]

2263 (return) [ Duvergier, law of October 8–14.]

2264 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of June 3,1792. Speech of M. Bernard, in the name of the committee of Public Assistance: "Not a day passes in which we do not receive the saddest news from the departments on the penury of their hospitals."—Mercure de France, December 17, 1791, sitting of December 5. A number of deputies of the Department of the North demand aid for their hospitals and municipalities. Out of 480,000 livres revenue there remains 10,000 to them. "The property of the Communes is mortgaged, and no longer affords them any resources. 280,000 persons are without bread."]

2265 (return) [ Sauzay, I. 252 (December 3, 1790. April 13, 1791).]

2266 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of June 1, 1790. Speeches by Camus, Treilhard, etc.]

2267 (return) [ But on the assumption that all religion has been invented by human beings for their own comfort or use, then what would be more natural than clever rulers using their power to influence the religious authorities to their own advantage. (SR.)]

2268 (return) [ Ultramontane: Extreme in favoring the Pope's supremacy. (SR.)]

2269 (return) [ Sauzay, I. 168.]

2270 (return) [ Personal knowledge, as I visited Besançon four times between 1863 and 1867.]

2271 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of May 30, 1790, and others following. (Report of Treilhard, speech by Robespierre.)]

2272 (return) [ Duvergier, laws of July 12th-August 14th; November 14–25, 1790; January 21–26, 1791.]

2273 (return) [ Moniteur, sitting of May 31, 1790. Robespierre, in covert terms, demands the marriage of priests.—Mirabeau prepared a speech in the same sense, concluding that every priest and monk should be able to contract marriage; on the priest or monk presenting himself with his bride before the curé, the latter should be obliged to give them the nuptial benediction etc. Mirabeau wrote, June 2, 1790: "Robespierre … has juggled me out of my motion on the marriage of priests."—In general the germ of all the laws of the Convention is found in the Constituent Assembly. (Ph. Plan, "Un Collaborateur de Mirabeau," p.56, 144.)]

2274 (return) [ Duvergier, laws of November 27th—December 26, 1790; February 5th, March 22nd, and April 5, 1791.—Moniteur, sitting of November 6, 1790, and those that follow, especially that of December 27th. "I swear to maintain with all my power the French Constitution and especially the decrees relating to the Civil Constitution of the clergy."—Cf. sitting of January 2, 1791, speech by the Bishop of Clermont.]

2275 (return) [ Duvergier, law of May 7, 1791, to maintain the right of nonjuring priests to perform mass in national or private edifices. (Demanded by Talleyrand and Sieyès.)]

2276 (return) [ "Archives Nationales," F7, 3235. Letter of M. de Château-Randon, deputy of la Lozère, May 28, 1791. After the decree of May 23rd, all the functionaries of the department handed in their resignations.]

2277 (return) [ Duvergier, law of May 21–29, 1791.]

2278 (return) [ Sauzay, I. 366, 538 to 593, 750.—"Archives Nationales," F7, 3235, Letter of M. de Chânteau-Randon, May 10, 1791.—Mercure, April 23rd, and April 16, 1701. Articles of Mallet du Pan, letter from Bordeaux, March 20, 1791.]

2279 (return) [ Buchez and Roux, XII, 77. Report of Gallois and Gensonné sent to La Vendée and the Deux Sévres (July 25, 1791).—" Archives Nationales," F7, 3253, letter of the Directory of the Bas-Rhin (letter of January 7, 1792).—" Le District de Machecoul de 1788 à 1793," by Lallier.—" Histoire de Joseph Lebon," by Paris.—Sauzay, vol. I. and II. in full.]

2280 (return) [ Mercure, January 15th, April 23rd, May 16th and 30th, June 1st, November 23rd, 1791.—"Le District de Machecoul," by Lallier, 173.—Sauzay, I. 295.—Lavirotte, "Annales d'Arnay-le-Duc" (February 5, 1792).—"Archives Nationales," F7, 3223. Petition of a number of the inhabitants of Montpellier, November 17, 1791.]

2281 (return) [ Duvergier, decree of November 29, 1791.—Mercure, November 30, 1791 (article by Mallet du Pan).]